Industry 4.

0
What is automation?
• Automation is defined as a wide range of technologies that minimize
human intervention in processes. By predetermining decision criteria,
sub process linkages, and related actions, and embodying those
predeterminations in computers - human intervention is decreased.
Types of Automation
• Fixed Automation
• Programmable Automation
• Flexible Automation
Fixed Automation
• Fixed automation is nothing but the sequence of various operations
that remains fixed, and can’t be scheduled customized by the user
this type of automation is mainly used in mechanical industry to carry
out the desired job.
• Examples of fixed automation include automatic assembly lines,
specific chemical processes, and machining transfer lines used in the
automotive sector.
Programmable Automation
• Programmable automation can be used to change the sequence of
any operation based on the requirements specified by the user.
• It has made it to the front end of the user interface by providing
various operations to the user to edit the sequence as per the
requirements.
• In short, we can say that Programmable Automation is “Ability to
change the sequence of operation”.
• Examples: software package and industrial robots.
Flexible Automation
• The automation type which has the property of both the automation
Fixed as well as the programmable this type of automation known as
flexible automation.
• Flexible automation has the ability to produce a variety of sequences
that are not just limited to one static type of automation.
• In short Flexible automation can be defined as “Ability to produce
variety of sequences”.
•
Automation in daily life
• Communications
• Transportation
• Services
Communications
Telephone switching was one of the first actual applications of
automation. Near the end of the 19th century, simple mechanical
switches were developed as the first switching machines. These
switches could be operated remotely by dialling or pressing buttons on
a telephone. Modern electronic telephone switching systems are based
on extremely sophisticated digital computers that perform operations
such as monitoring tens of thousands of telephone lines, determining
which lines require service, storing the numbers as they are dialled,
establishing the necessary connections, sending electrical signals to
ring the receiver's phone, monitoring the call as it progresses, and
disconnecting the phone when the call is over.
Transportation
The transportation industry has used automation in a variety of ways.
Applications include automated pilots in aircraft and trains, urban
mass-transit systems, and airline reservation systems. The airlines
regularly track the status of every aircraft using computerized
reservation systems. These methods enable ticket sales representatives
to quickly learn the number of seats that are available on any aircraft
from locations that are far apart. When space is available, the
reservation systems check space requests with each flight's status, fill
requests, and automatically update the reservation status files. Even
before the departure of the flight, passengers can get their seat
allocations.
Services
In order to improve services and lessen the workload on the medical
staff, automation in the form of computer systems has grown
significantly. Computer terminals keep track of the patient's condition,
drugs taken, and other pertinent data on each nursing care level in
hospitals. Some of these systems can also be used to order medications
from the hospital pharmacy and make calls for orderlies, among other
extra tasks. The system gives a formal record of the nursing care
provided to patients, and the nursing staff uses it to present a report
when shifts change. The hospital's business office is connected to the
computer system so that the correct charges for the services rendered
and medications are given to each patient can be made.
Advantages and disadvantages of automation
Revolution of Industry
WHAT IS INDUSTRY 4.0?
• the term Industry 4.0 actually refers to the 4th Industrial Revolution, a phase in
the evolution of mankind’s manufacturing processes.
• We have had three Industrial Revolutions in the past, the first took place in
Britain during the 18th century, with mechanization.
• The Second Industrial Revolution took place around the early 20th century with
improved manufacturing processes and assembly lines.
• The Third Industrial Revolution took place in the 1960s with the implementation
of digital technology.
• Industry 4.0 really started to take shape in the 2010s, as computers became
more powerful and the internet became more interconnected than ever before.
• These days, the term Industry 4.0 is commonly used as a buzzword for smart
manufacturing processes, and how the Internet of Things (also known as IoT) has
become so interconnected that it can be used to simplify the production
process.
THE 9 PILLARS OF INDUSTRY 4.0
• Big Data and Analytics
• Autonomous Robots
• Simulation
• Horizontal and Vertical System Integration
• Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)
• Cybersecurity
• The Cloud
• Additive Manufacturing
• Augmented Reality
Big Data And Analytics
• This refers to the use of statistics, graphs and data analysis to measure
performance and tweak systems to optimize productivity and other
goals.
Autonomous Robots
• Robots which can function on their own with minimal supervision are
valuable tools in Industry 4.0. These have led to the creation of “dark
factories” (also known as Lights-Out manufacturing), where machines
do all the production with minimal human supervision and continue
running deep into the night.
Simulation
• The use of visual aids and software to simulate complex processes
and designs has become commonplace in every engineering or
manufacturing firm.
Horizontal And Vertical System
Integration
• The cohesiveness of hierarchies within a company will improve due to
the implementation of data integration networks and cross-company
collaboration will be much easier.
Industrial Internet Of Things (IIoT)
• The widespread use of embedded computing allows for
decentralisation as every device can communicate remotely and
provide data at a moment’s notice. Real-time responses will be much
faster due to the decentralisation process.
Cybersecurity
• Increased connectivity comes with an increased risk of security
breaches. This creates a need for cybersecurity and defensive
measures to safeguard information.
The Cloud
• Sharing of data and transparency is critical to Industry 4.0. The
adoption of cloud technology allows for seamless sharing of data and
better interconnectivity.
Additive Manufacturing
• As part of the design process, 3D printing and modelling have become
essential for building prototypes and lightweight designs and allows
companies to translate simulations into reality.
Augmented Reality (AR)
• AR is the final frontier in the Industry 4.0 paradigm. Current uses
include selecting parts in warehouses and visualising possible design
options. In the future, it can definitely be developed to provide real-
time data and information for workers.
The main benefits of the Industry 4.0
revolution
• Increased Productivity
• Convenience
• Reduced Cost
Drawbacks of the Industry 4.0 revolution
• Security Threat
• Lack Of Technical Knowledge