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Tokens

tokens in c

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17 views16 pages

Tokens

tokens in c

Uploaded by

punny
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tokens

 A token is the smallest element of a program that is meaningful


to the compiler.
 we cannot create a program in C without using tokens in C.
Therefore, we can say that tokens in C is the building block or the
basic component for creating a program in C language.
 Tokens can be classified as follows:
• Keywords
• Identifiers
• Constants
• Strings
• Special Symbols
• Operators
Keywords
• Keywords are pre-defined or reserved words
in a programming language. Each keyword is
meant to perform a specific function in a
program.
• Since keywords are referred names for a
compiler, they can’t be used as variable names
because by doing so, we are trying to assign a
new meaning to the keyword which is not
allowed.
C language supports 32 keywords :
Identifiers in C
• Identifiers in C are used for naming variables,
functions, arrays, structures, etc. Identifiers in
C are the user-defined words.
• It can be composed of uppercase letters,
lowercase letters, underscore, or digits, but
the starting letter should be either an
underscore or an alphabet.
Rules
• The first character of an identifier should be either an alphabet
or an underscore, and then it can be followed by any of the
character, digit, or underscore.
• It should not begin with any numerical digit.
• In identifiers, both uppercase and lowercase letters are distinct.
Therefore, we can say that identifiers are case sensitive.
• Commas or blank spaces cannot be specified within an identifier.
• Keywords cannot be represented as an identifier.
• The length of the identifiers should not be more than 31
characters.
• Identifiers should be written in such a way that it is meaningful,
short, and easy to read.
Example
• sumNumbers();
• Sum
• num1
Strings in C

• Strings in C are always represented as an array


of characters having null character '\0' at the
end of the string.
• This null character denotes the end of the
string.
• Strings in C are enclosed within double quotes,
while characters are enclosed within single
characters.
• char a[10] = “program1234"
Operators in C
• Operators are used to perform operations on
variables and values.
• operators as symbols that help us to perform
specific mathematical and logical
computations on operands
• c = a + b;
• ‘+’ is the operator known as the addition
operator and ‘a’ and ‘b’ are operands. Thus an
operator operates the operands
• The data items on which the operators are
applied are known as operands.
• Operators are applied between the operands.
Depending on the number of operands,
operators are classified as follows:
Constants in C

• A constant is a value assigned to the variable


which will remain the same throughout the
program, i.e., the constant value cannot be
changed.
• There are two ways of declaring constant:
• Using const keyword
• Using #define pre-processor
Special characters in C

• Some special characters are used in C, and they have a


special meaning which cannot be used for another
purpose.
• Square brackets [ ]: The opening and closing brackets
represent the single and multidimensional subscripts.
• Simple brackets ( ): It is used in function declaration and
function calling. For example, printf() is a pre-defined
function.
• Curly braces { }: It is used in the opening and closing of
the code. It is used in the opening and closing of the
loops.
• Comma (,): It is used for separating for more than one
statement and for example, separating function parameters in
a function call, separating the variable when printing the value
of more than one variable using a single printf statement.
• Hash/pre-processor (#): It is used for pre-processor directive.
It basically denotes that we are using the header file.
• Asterisk (*): This symbol is used to represent pointers and also
used as an operator for multiplication.
• Tilde (~): It is used as a destructor to free memory.
• Period (.): It is used to access a member of a structure or a
union.
Semicolons

• In a C program, the semicolon is a statement


terminator. That is, each individual statement
must be ended with a semicolon.
• Example−
• printf("Hello, World! \n");
• return 0;
Comments

• Comments are like helping text in your C


program and they are ignored by the compiler.
They start with /* and terminate with the
characters */ as shown below −
• /* my first program in C */

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