Eastern Samar State University- Salcedo Campus

Bachelor in Science in Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering

PROFILING OF AQUACULTURE FARMERS IN

SOUTHERN PART MUNICIPALITIES OF EASTERN
SAMAR: INPUT FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC
INTERVENTION
Presented by:
Quiño, Cyriel Jay S.
Cabilogan, Mark Leo P. BSABE IV-1
Hermocilla, Cedric
Yutela, Jeric
Cortavista, Ma. Fatima V.
Navidad, Heide C.
 TOPIC OUTLINE

 Chapter 1  Chapter 2  Chapter 3

• Background of the Study • Review of Related • Materials
• Methodology
• Objectives of the Study Literature and Studies
• Significance of the Study
• Hypothesis/Assumption of the
Study
• Scope and Delimitation of the
Study
INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1
Background of the Study

• Aquaculture is the breeding, rearing, and harvesting of fish,

shellfish, algae, and other organisms in all types of water
environments (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
2023).
Background of the Study

• There are three main types of aquacultures, freshwater, brackish water and marine
aquaculture.

• Freshwater aquaculture is raising and breeding aquatic animals (fish, shrimp,

crab, shellfish, etc.) and plants for economic purposes by the use of ponds,
reservoirs, lakes, rivers, and other inland waterways (Liu and Li, 2019).

• Brackish water aquaculture farming is a system that focuses on the production

of standard art and shellfish that are found in canals, lakes, and streams through
rational rearing(Jagdish, 2021).

• Marine aquaculture (mariculture) is the farming of marine organisms (fish,

mollusks, crustaceans, and aquatic plants). (Aquarium of the Pacific, n. d.)
Background of the Study

• Most of the production in the Philippines comes from the

farming of seaweed, milkfish, tilapia shrimp, carp, oyster and
mussel. Aquaculture contributes significantly to the country’s
food security, employment and foreign exchange earnings and is
growing much faster than capture fisheries.
Background of the Study

• However, the global position of the Philippines in

aquaculture production has fallen steadily from 4 th place in
1985 to 12th place today. The country now contributes only a
little over one percent of global farmed fish production
compared to five percent previously. (FAO, n. d.).
Background of the Study

• The current condition of fisheries in the Philippines and

worldwide is bleak. Overfishing, illegal fishing and habitat
destruction combined with increased demand for fish and
population growth continue to drive fisheries production into
a deeper abyss. Seemingly impossible just 20 years ago,
protein deficiency among fishing communities is now
increasing at an alarming rate (oneocean.org).
Background of the Study

• In support to aquaculture industry of Eastern Samar a profiling

for aquaculture farmers must be established and a resource map
to locate its status for further interventions.

• Resource map is a tool that collaboratively record, track, and

analyze resources at a glance using a map (InsTEDD, 2017). The
resource mapping is a method for collating and plotting
information on the occurrence, distribution, access and use of
resources within the economic and cultural domain of a specific
community.
Background of the Study

• The availability of resource map for aquaculture will equip

LGU’s, DA, NGO and other concerned agencies and
individuals with information about the current status of the
aquaculture industry in Eastern Samar and it may lay them to
implement programs and easily identify the right beneficiary
for the future extension programs formulated by the
Government and other agencies.
Objective of the Study

This study aims to develop a resource map for aquaculture farmers in the Southern part
Municipalities of Eastern Samar: for Socio-economic Intervention. Specifically, this aims to;

1. Determine the aquaculture farmer’s profile;

• age
• gender
• status
• educational attainment
• related trainings
• technical support
• financial support
Objective of the Study

2. Determine the spatial location of aquaculture site;

3. Determine the species on aquaculture study area

according to;
• type of species;
• age;
• quantity;
Objective of the Study

4. Categorize the existing aquaculture sites according to;

4.1 Fresh water aquaculture 4.2 Brackish aquaculture 4.3 Marine aquaculture

• Pond system • Cage system • Cage System

• Pen system • Pen System
• Seaweed Farming
Significance of the Study

• The outcome of the study would encourage the University to motivate and support the
ABE students to conduct further aquaculture studies that could help in research
curriculum.

• The output of this study could be used as an additional instructional material

especially for subjects that tackle aquaculture and GIS mapping.

• The result of the study would be greatly beneficial not only to the locals where the
research was conducted, but also to the other communities in the country where
aquaculture is a livelihood.
Conceptual Framework

The aquaculture Interview the respondents Resource map of

collecting data through aquaculture farmers in
data, the aquaculture
actual field survey,
farmers’ data, a geo- Southern part Eastern
collecting geographic
referenced map of information using global
Samar specifically
positioning system (GPS), Lawaan, Balangiga,
Eastern Samar and
data analysis, and Giporlos,
the geographic data Quinapondan, Gen.
mapping using Quantum
of aquaculture site. Geographic Information MacArthur, Salcedo,
System (QGIS) software. Mercedes and Guiuan

Input Process Output

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

• The scope of this study is limited only to location, profiling and mapping of aquaculture
farmers in Southern part Municipalities of Eastern Samar specifically; Lawaan,
Balangiga, Giporlos, Quinapondan, Gen. MacArthur, Salcedo, Mercedes and Guiuan.

• The output of the study will be solely used for the research purposes to improve
aquaculture industry and motivate small scale farmers to engage sustainable
aquaculture production.

• The collection of geographic data of the sampling points will used a hand-held GPS
with 1-3% accuracy. The gathered data will be utilized in developing a resource map
using GIS.

• The study will be conducted in the selected municipalities of Eastern Samar during
School Year 2022-2023. It will start from February to April 2023.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES
AND STUDIES
Chapter 2
Related Literature

Types of aquaculture systems

Aquaculture systems range from very extensive, through

semi-intensitive and highly intensitive. When using this
terminology, the specific characterization of each system must
be defined, as there are no clear distinctions and levels of
intensification represent a continuum.
Related Literature

Future developments in systems and technology

Conventional pond systems

Shortage of water will become a limiting factor in many areas. Ponds must
become more “intensive” with respect to water use. Aquaculture ponds can be
integrated into water conservation and management systems and rain fed
aquaculture can be an effective storage mechanism in areas that experience
water shortages.
Related Literature

Recirculation systems

The uses of recirculation vary widely, from brood stock

management, hatchery and nursery rearing, grow-out and
quarantine holding. It is likely that use of recirculation systems
in intensified commercial aquaculture will increase in future.
There are many possible solutions, adaptable to specific local
situations.
Related Literature

The different types of species mostly culture in Eastern Samar

Mangrove crabs (Scylla spp.) or mud crabs, locally known as “alimango,”,

Figure 2. Mudcrab (dreamstime.com)

Related Literature

Tilapia

Figure no.5 Tilapia (onlinelibrary.wiley.com)

Related Literature

Milkfish or “Bangus” sometimes pronounced as “Bangos”

Figure no.6 Milkfish (seafdec.org.ph)

Related Literature

Kappaphycus

Figure no.7 k. Alvarezii (alchetron.com).

Related Literature

Green mussel Perna viridis,

Figure no. 9 Green Mussel (ispweb.pcaarrd.dost.gov.ph)

Related Studies

Geographic Information System (GIS) is a tool for

making and using spatial information, and it is mainly
concerned with the location of the features as well as
properties/attributes of those features (Shelton, 2018).
 Mapping aquaculture and fisheries structures by
satellite imaging Radar

Radar is the acronym of Radio Detection and Ranging. An

imaging radar is an active device that transmits microwave
pulses toward the Earth surface and measures the magnitude
of the signal scattered back towards it. The return signals from
different portions of the ground surface are combined to form
an image.
 Application of Geographic Information System
for Ecological Risk Analyses in Aquaculture

GIS Application to Aquaculture GIS is used for natural resource

management of all kinds and is now being applied in fisheries and
aquaculture (AguilarManjarrez and Ross, 1995; Wright, 1999).
Most aquaculture studies using GIS are focused mainly on-site
selection in aquatic farming operations (Nath et al., 2000).
MATERIALS AND
METHODOLOGY
Chapter 3
Materials

Computer. An electronic device that manipulates information,

or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. ).
In this study, it will be used in putting all the data gathered in
plotting geographic data in GIS software.

Geographic Information System. It is a computer system

that analyzes and displays geographically referenced
information (usgs.gov/faqs). In this study, it will be used in
storing and manipulating geographical data from GPS to
generate a resource map.
Materials

QGIS (software). A system designed to capture, store, manipulates, analyzes,

manage and present all types of geographical data used for the resource
mapping, the elevation of the ground and its exact soil profile (Le Maire et al,
2014). In this study, this will be used in storing and manipulating geographical
data from GPS to generate a resource map.

Handheld GPS. A device that uses the Global Positioning System, combining
modern geographic technology with a portable, user-friendly device for
everyday use.
Methodology

Research Locale

This study will be conducted in Southern

municipalities of Eastern Samar, specifically: Lawaan,
Balangiga, Giporlos, Quinapondan, Gen. MacArthur,
Salcedo, Mercedes and Guiuan.
Methodology
Research Design
This research study is a descriptive survey which aimed to describe
the data and characteristics about the population or phenomenon being
studied. Such technique studies the sampling of individual units from a
population and the associated survey data collection techniques, such as
questionnaire construction and methods for improving the number and
accuracy of responses to surveys (Calderon, 2012).

Respondents of the Study

This study involved aquaculture farmers in the Southern
municipalities of Eastern Samar, specifically Lawaan, Balangiga, Giporlos,
Quinapondan, Gen. McArthur, Salcedo, Mercedes and Guiuan.
Methodology

Map of Study Area

Methodology

Pre-survey Procedure
Prior to the conduct of respondent’s interview and on-site survey, the researcher
secured a list of aquaculture farmers from the record of OMAS - fisheries sector. The
researchers will also ask permission from the municipal mayor to conduct the study in the
respective barangays as well from the concern barangay chairpersons.

Instrumentation
The questionnaire that will be used during interviews will be based on the specific
problems being considered in the study.

Data Gathering Procedure

Guided with a questionnaire, the aquaculture farmers will be interviewed by the
researchers to gather the needed information for their profile.
Measurement of Variables
The followings variables will be categorized and coded as follows:

Farmers Profile
Age. This will be categorized and coded as follows:

CODE DESCRIPTION

5 56 yrs. and above

4 46 – 55 months
3 36 – 45 months
2 26 – 35 months
1 18 – 25 yrs.
Gender. This will be categorized and coded as follows:

CODE DESCRIPTION

2 male
1 female
Measurement of Variables

Marital Status. This will be categorized and coded as follows:

CODE DESCRIPTION

4 separated
3 widowed
2 married
1 single

Highest educational attainment. This will be categorized and coded as follows:

CODE DESCRIPTION

7 college graduate
6 college level
5 2 yrs. course grad.
4 high school grad.
3 high school level
2 elem. graduate
1 elem. level
Measurement of Variable

Monthly income. This will be categorized and coded as follows:

CODE
DESCRIPTION

5 20,000 and above

4 15,000 - 19,000
3 10,000 – 15,000
2 5,000 – 9,000
1 below 5,000s

Related trainings. This will be categorized and coded as follows:

CODE
DESCRIPTION

2 BFAR
1 without trainings
Measurement of Variable

Technical support. This will be categorized and coded as follows:

CODE
DESCRIPTION

3 BFAR
2 personal
1 others, specify

Financial support. This will be categorized and coded as follows:

CODE
DESCRIPTION

2 BFAR
1 other, specify
Measurement of Variable

Ownership of Aquaculture farming. This will be categorized and coded as follows:

CODE
DESCRIPTION

4 Association
3 Cooperative
2 Partnership
1 Sole

Seedling provider. This will be categorized and coded as follows:

CODE
DESCRIPTION

3 Government Agency
2 NGO
Measurement of Variable

Characteristics of culture species.

Age. This will be categorized and coded as follows:

CODE
DESCRIPTION

5 6 Months and above

4 4 – 6 months
3 3 – 4 months
2 1 – 2 months
1 Less than 1 month
Measurement of Variable

Types of species. This will be categorized and coded as follows:

CODE
DESCRIPTION

9 Mudcrab
8 Lobsters
7 Groupers
6 Tilapia
5 Milkfish
4 k. Alvarezii
3 Catfish
2 Green mussel
1 others species
Measurement of Variable

Types of seedlings. This will be categorized and coded as follows:

CODE
DESCRIPTION

3 Adult
2 Juvenile
1 Larvae

Aquaculture system. This will be categorized and coded as follows:

CODE
DESCRIPTION

3 pen
2 cage
1 pond
Data Analysis and Resource Mapping

The survey data will be tallied and analyzed using statistical

tools such as frequency, rank and percentage. Area of
aquaculture farms will be computed using GIS built-in tools. The
geographic information (i.e., spatial coordinates and attributes)
of the aquaculture farms will be plotted in QGIS program to
generate a map that shows the age of the existing aquaculture
sites. This map will give concise information to the readers
regarding the status of aquaculture sector in Southern part
municipalities of Eastern Samar.
THANK YOU