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9-Graphing Linear Inequalities in Two Variables

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41 views13 pages

9-Graphing Linear Inequalities in Two Variables

Uploaded by

Chuu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 3 Section 5

3.5 Graphing Linear Inequalities in Two Variables


Objectives

1 Graph linear inequalities in two variables.

2 Graph an inequality with a boundary line through the origin.

Copyright © 2012, 2008, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.


Graphing Linear Inequalities in Two Variables
In Section 3.2, we graphed linear equations such as 2x + 3y = 6. Now
we extend this work to linear inequalities in two variables, such as
2x + 3y ≤ 6.

Linear Inequality in Two Variables


An inequality that can be written as
Ax  By  C , Ax  By  C , Ax  By  C , or Ax  By  C ,

where A, B, and C are real numbers and A and B are both not 0, is a
linear inequality in two variables.

Copyright © 2012, 2008, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3.5-3


Objective 1

Graph linear inequalities in two


variables.

Copyright © 2012, 2008, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3.5-4


Graph linear inequalities in two variables.
The graph of the line x + y = 5, called the boundary line, divides the
points in the rectangular coordinate system into three sets.
1. Those points that lie on the line itself and satisfy the equation
x + y = 5.
2. Those that lie in the region above the line and satisfy the inequality
x + y > 5.
3. Those that lie in the region below the line and satisfy the inequality
x + y < 5.

Graphs of linear inequalities in two


variables are regions in the real
number plane that may or may not
include boundary lines.

Copyright © 2012, 2008, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3.5-5


Graph linear inequalities in two variables. (cont’d)
The inequality 2x + 3y ≤ 6 means that
2 x  3 y  6 or 2 x  3 y  6.

The graph of 2x + 3y = 6 is a line with intercepts (0, 2). This boundary


line divides the plane into two regions, one of which satisfies the
inequality. A test point gives a quick way to find the correct region to
shade. We choose any point not on the boundary line and substitute it
into the given inequality to see whether the resulting statement is true
or false. Because (0,0) is easy to substitute into an inequality, it is
often a good choice.

2 0  3 0  6
06 True

Since the last statement is true, we shade the


region that includes the test point (0,0).
Copyright © 2012, 2008, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3.5-6
EXAMPLE 1 Graphing a Linear Inequality

Graph 4x − 5y ≤ 20.
Solution:
The graph should include a solid line since there is an equal sign
portion in the equation.

4  0   5  0   20
0  20
True

Since the statement is true,


the region including the test
point should be shaded.

Copyright © 2012, 2008, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3.5-7


Graph linear inequalities in two variables.
Alternately, we can find the required region by solving the inequality
for y.
2x  3y  6
2x  3y  2x  6  2x
3y 2x 6
 
3 3 3
2
y  x2
3
2
Ordered pairs in which y is equal to 3 x  2 are on the boundary line,

2
so pairs in which y is less than  x  2 will be below that line. As we
3
move down vertically, the y-values decrease. This gives the same
region that we shaded in the previous method.

Copyright © 2012, 2008, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3.5-8


EXAMPLE 2 Graphing a Linear Inequality

Graph 3x + 5y >15.

Solution:
The graph should include a dotted line since there is no equal
sign in the equation.

2  0   3  0   15
0  15
False

Since the statement is false the region


above the dotted line should be shaded.

Copyright © 2012, 2008, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3.5-9


Graph linear inequalities in two variables. (cont’d)
Graphing a Linear Inequality

Step 1: Graph the boundary. Graph the line that is the boundary
of the region. Use the methods of Section 3.2. Draw a solid
line if the inequality has ≤ or ≥ because of the equality
portion of the symbol. Draw a dashed line if the inequality
has < or >.

Step 2: Shade the appropriate region. Use any point not on the
line as a test point. Substitute for x and y in the inequality.
If a true statement results, shade the side containing the
test point. If a false statement results, shade the other side.

Copyright © 2012, 2008, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3.5-10


EXAMPLE 3 Graphing a Linear Inequality with a Vertical Boundary Line

Graph y < 4.

Solution:
The graph should include a dotted line since there is no equal
sign in the equation.

0   4
Since the statement is true the region
beow the dotted line should be shaded.

Copyright © 2012, 2008, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3.5-11


Objective 2

Graph an inequality with a


boundary line through the origin.

Copyright © 2012, 2008, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3.5-12


EXAMPLE 4 Graphing a Linear Inequality with a Boundary Line through the Origin

Graph x ≥ −3y.

Solution:
The graph should include a solid line since there is an equality in
the equation.

Test point (1,1) is used.

1   1
  3
Since the statement is true the region
above the line should be shaded.

If the graph of an inequality has a boundary line that goes through the
origin, (0,0) cannot be used as a test point.

Copyright © 2012, 2008, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3.5-13

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