General Mathematics

Quarter 1 Week 1 Module 1

 Learning Competency:
THE LEARNER …
•represents real-life situations using functions,
including piece-wise functions.
•evaluates a function.
•performs addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division, and composition of functions
•solves problems involving functions

M11GM-Ia-1, 2, 3, 4
Definition of a Relation
A relation is a rule that relates values
from a set of values (called the domain) to a
second set of values (called the range)

A relation is a set of ordered pairs [x,y]

 Definition of a Function
It is a relation define as a set of ordered
pairs [x,y] where no two or distinct ordered
pairs have the same first element [x]
A special relationship where each input
has a single output
Every value of x corresponds to a unique
value of y.
One of the primary moral values that is
advocated and taught by the Catholic
Church is the blessedness of marriage vow.
It aims to promote happy marriage between
a Living Catholic man and a Catholic woman
who have entered into a marriage contract,
that is, one-man-one-woman relationship.
These are just some of the situations
that use the concept of one-to-one
relationships.
 Examples
Illustrations below are examples of a
function
 Examples
Illustrations below are examples of a
function
 Examples
Illustrations below are examples of a
function
Examples
Is it a function or not, why?
Examples
Is it a function or not, why?
Examples
Is it a function or not, why?
Examples
Is it a function or not, why?
What is the difference between a
function and relation?
What is the difference between a
function and relation?
Which of the following relations are
functions?
f = {(2,3), (1,2), (4,7), (6,9)}

g = {(2,9), (3,11), (5,13), (7,15)}

h = {(5,9), (10,7), (11,12),

(5,8)}
Which of the following relations are
functions?
Solution
The relations f and g are
functions because no two
ordered pairs have the
same x-value but
different y-values.
Meanwhile, h is not a function because
(5,9), and (5,8) are
Which of the following relations are
functions?
Solution
Relations and functions can be
represented by mapping diagrams
where the elements of the domain
are mapped to the elements of the
range using arrows.
 VERTICAL LINE TEST
It is a visual way to determine if a curve is a
graph of function or not.
A function using the Vertical Line Test can
only have one output, y, for each unique
input x.
If a Vertical Line intersects a curve on an xy-
plane more than once then for
one value of x the curve has more than one
value of y, and so the curve does not
represent a function.
Which of the following can be
graphs of functions?
 Which of the following can be
graphs of functions?
Solution
Functions in the group are a and d
because value of x intersect with only one
value of y.

Meanwhile, b and c does not represent a

function because a value of x intersects
with more than value of y.
FUNCTIONS AS REPRESENTATIONS
OF REAL-LIFE SITUATIONS
Example 1. Give a function H that
represents the cost of buying x pair of shoes.
If one pair of shoes costs P1,500.00

Solution.
Since each pair of shoes costs P1,500.00,
then the cost function is
H(x) = 1,500x
 PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS
A user is charged 300 php monthly for a
particular mobile plan, which includes
100 free text messages. Messages in
excess of 100 are charged 1 php each.
Represent the amount a consumer pays
each months as a function of
the number of messages m sent in a
month
 PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS
SOLUTION
Let t(m) represent the amount paid by the
consumer each month. It can be
expressed by the piecewise function.
300 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑚 ≤
=ቊ
𝑡 𝑚
100 300 + 𝑚 𝑖𝑓 𝑚 >
100
 PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS

A jeepney ride cost 8.00 php for

the first 4 km and each additional
integer km adds 1.50 php to the
fare. Use piecewise function to
represent the jeepney fare in terms
of the distance d in km.
 PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS
SOLUTION
The input value is distance, and the output is
the cost of the jeepney fare, If F(d) represent
the fare as a function distance, the
function can be represented as follows:

8 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑑 ≤ 4
𝐹 𝑑 =
8 + 1.5(𝑑) 𝑖𝑓 𝑑 > 4
ቊ
What is evaluating a function?
EVALUATING A FUNCTION
means substituting the variable in
the function, in this case x, with a
value from the function’s domain
and computing for the result.
INTRODUCTION
EVALUATING A FUNCTION
It is the process of determining the
value of the function at the number
assigned to a given variable.
Example 1.
Evaluate the following functions at x =
2
a. 𝑓 𝑥 = 7𝑥 + 3
b. 𝑔 𝑥 = 3𝑥2 − 6𝑥 +
c. ℎ 𝑥 15
= 4𝑥 + 8
2𝑥+10
=
d. 𝑓 𝑥
10𝑥−13
e. 𝑔 𝑥 = |𝑥| + 3
Example 1.
Evaluate the following functions at x =
2
SOLUTIO
N 𝑓 𝑥 = 7𝑥 + 3
𝑓 2 = 7(2) + 3
𝑓 2 = 14 + 3
𝑓 2 = 17
Example 1.
Evaluate the following functions at x =
2
SOLUTION
𝑔 𝑥 = 3𝑥2 − 6𝑥 + 15
𝑔 2 = 3(2) − 6(2) +
2

15
𝑔 2 = 3(4) − 12 + 15
𝑔 2 = 12 − 12 + 15
𝑔 2 = 15
Example 1.
Evaluate the following functions at x =
2
SOLUTION
ℎ 𝑥 = 4𝑥 + 8
ℎ 2 = 4(2) + 8
ℎ 2 = 8+8
ℎ 2 = 16
ℎ 2 =4
Example 1.
Evaluate the following functions at x =
2
SOLUTIO
N𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 10 = 2 2 + 10
10𝑥 − 13 10 2 − 13

4 + 10
𝑓 2 = 14 = =2
20 − 13 7
Example 1.
Evaluate the following functions at x =
2
SOLUTIO
N 𝑔 𝑥 = |𝑥| + 3
𝑔 2 = |2| + 3
𝑔 2 =2+3
𝑔 2 =5
 REMEMBER
• Evaluating a function means
substituting the variable in the
function, in this case x, with a value
from the function’s domain and
computing for the result.
• Evaluating a function is the process of
determining the value of the function
at the number assigned to a given
variable.
 OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
If f and g are functions then
• 𝑓 + 𝑔 (𝑥) = 𝑓 + 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑥 − 𝑔(𝑥)
• 𝑓 − 𝑔 (𝑥) = 𝑓 ∗ 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑓 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥)
• (𝑥) = where 𝑔(𝑥) ≠ 0
• 𝑓𝑔 ∗ 𝑔 𝑔(𝑥)= 𝑓
(𝑥)
𝑥
INTRODUCTION
ADDITION OF FUNCTION

The addition of function involves the

creation of a new function through
the addition of two other functions.
 INTRODUCTION
Defining the addition function.
In order to define the addition of
function, we just follow the rule and
the sum of these functions can be
written
𝑓 + 𝑔 𝑥 𝑜𝑟 𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑥)
Basically, this means that we can just
sum the functions together to get the
addition function.
 Example 1
𝑓 𝑥 = 9𝑥 − 5
𝑔 𝑥 = 4𝑥 + 12
Solution
𝑓+𝑔 𝑥 = 9𝑥 − 5 + (4𝑥 +
= 9𝑥
12)+ 4𝑥 − 5 + 12
= 13𝑥 + 7
Example 2
𝑓 𝑥 = 21𝑥 2+ 27𝑥 − 65
𝑔 𝑥
= −19𝑥 + 37
𝑓 + 𝑔 𝑥 =Solution
21𝑥2 + 27𝑥 − 65 + (−19𝑥 + 37)
= 21𝑥 + 27𝑥 − 19𝑥 − 65 + 37
2

= 21𝑥 + 8𝑥 − 28
2
 Example 3
6 9
𝑓 𝑥 = ;𝑔 𝑥 =
𝑥−8 𝑥+4
Solution: The LCD of the two fractions is (𝑥 − 8)(𝑥 +
4) or 𝑥2 − 4𝑥 − 32
6 9
𝑓+𝑔 𝑥 = +
𝑥−8 𝑥+4

6(𝑥 + 4) 9(𝑥 − 8)
= +
(𝑥 − 8)(𝑥 + 4) (𝑥 − 8)(𝑥 + 4)
 Example 3
6 9
𝑓 𝑥 = ;𝑔 𝑥 =
𝑥−8 𝑥+4
Solution:
6𝑥 + 24 9𝑥 − 72
= +
(𝑥 − 8)(𝑥 + 4) (𝑥 − 8)(𝑥 + 4)
6𝑥 + 24 + 9𝑥 − 72 15𝑥 − 48
= =
(𝑥 − 8)(𝑥 + 4) 𝑥2 − 4𝑥 − 32
INTRODUCTION
SUBTRACTION OF FUNCTION

The subtraction of function involves

the creation of a new function
through the subtraction of two other
functions
INTRODUCTION
In order to define the subtraction of
function, we just follow the rule and
the difference of these functions can
be written
𝑓 − 𝑔 𝑥 𝑜𝑟 𝑓 𝑥 − 𝑔(𝑥)
Basically this means that we can
just sum the functions together to
get the subtraction function.
 Example 1
𝑓 𝑥 = 25𝑥2 − 47𝑥 + 42
𝑔 𝑥 = 15𝑥 + 62
Solution
𝑓−𝑔 𝑥 = 25𝑥2 − 47𝑥 + 42 − (15𝑥 +
62)
= 25𝑥2 − 47𝑥 + 42 − 15𝑥 − 62
= 25𝑥2 − 62𝑥 − 20
 Example 2
𝑓 𝑥 = −16𝑥2 − 8𝑥 + 45
𝑔 𝑥 = 59𝑥2 − 39𝑥 + 26
Solution
𝑓−𝑔 𝑥 = −16𝑥2 − 8𝑥 + 45 − (59𝑥2 − 39𝑥 +
26)
= −16𝑥 2
− 8𝑥 + 45 − 59𝑥 + 39𝑥 − 26
2

= −75𝑥 +
2 31𝑥 + 19
 Example 3
9 7
𝑓 𝑥 = ;𝑔 𝑥 =
𝑥 + 12 𝑥−9
Solution: The LCD of the two fractions is (𝑥 +
12)(𝑥 − 9) or 𝑥2 + 3𝑥 − 108
9 7
𝑓−𝑔 𝑥 = −
𝑥 + 12 𝑥−9

9(𝑥 − 9) 7(𝑥 + 12)

= −
(𝑥 + 12)(𝑥 − 9) (𝑥 + 12)(𝑥 − 9)
 Example 3
9 7
𝑓 𝑥 = ;𝑔 𝑥 =
𝑥 + 12 𝑥−9
Solution:
9𝑥 − 81 7𝑥 + 84
= −
(𝑥 + 12)(𝑥 − 9) (𝑥 + 12)(𝑥 − 9)

9𝑥 − 81 − 7𝑥 − 84 2𝑥 − 165
= =
𝑥2 + 3𝑥 − 108 𝑥2 + 3𝑥 − 108
INTRODUCTION
MULTIPLICATION OF FUNCTION

The Multiplication of function

involves the creation of a new
function through the multiplication
of two other functions.
INTRODUCTION
In order to define the multiplication
of function, we just follow the rule
and the product of these functions
can be written
𝑓 ∗ 𝑔 𝑥 𝑜𝑟 𝑓 𝑥 ∗ 𝑔(𝑥)
Basically this means that we can
just sum the functions together to
get the subtraction function.
 Example 1
𝑓 𝑥 = 15𝑥 + 8
𝑔 𝑥 = 6𝑥 − 9
Solution
𝑓 ∗ 𝑔 𝑥 = (15𝑥 + 8)(6𝑥 − 9)
= 90𝑥2 − 135𝑥 + 48𝑥 − 72
= 90𝑥2 − 87𝑥 − 72
 Example 2
𝑓 𝑥 = 11𝑥2 − 12𝑥 − 13
𝑔 𝑥
= −8𝑥 + 124
𝑓∗𝑔 𝑥 = 11𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 − 13
Solution (−8𝑥 +
= −88𝑥 + 1364𝑥124)
3 2 + 96𝑥 − 1488𝑥 + 104𝑥 − 1612
2

= −88𝑥3 + 1460𝑥2 − 1384𝑥 − 1612

 INTRODUCTION
DIVISION OF FUNCTION

When you divide two such functions

together, you get what is called a
rational expression. A rational
expression is the division of two
polynomials. If they divide evenly,
your answer will become a polynomial.
 Example 1
𝑓 𝑥 = 12𝑥3 + 15𝑥2 − 6𝑥
𝑔 𝑥 = 3𝑥
Solution
𝑓 12𝑥3 + 15𝑥2 − 6𝑥 3𝑥(4𝑥2 + 5𝑥 − 2)
𝑥 = =
𝑔 3𝑥 3𝑥

= 1 4𝑥2 + 5𝑥 − 2 = 4𝑥2 + 5𝑥 − 2
 Example 2
𝑓 𝑥 = 6𝑥5 − 36𝑥4 + 12𝑥3 − 6𝑥2
𝑔 𝑥 = −6𝑥2
Solution
𝑓 6𝑥5 − 36𝑥4 + 12𝑥3 − 6𝑥2
𝑥 =
𝑔 −6𝑥2
= 6𝑥 5
− 36𝑥4
+ 12𝑥3
− 6𝑥 2

−6𝑥2 −6𝑥2 −6𝑥2 −6𝑥2

= −𝑥3 + 6𝑥2 − 2𝑥 + 1
 INTRODUCTION
COMPOSITION OF FUNCTION

When you divide two such functions

together, you get what is called a
rational expression. A rational
expression is the division of two
polynomials. If they divide evenly,
your answer will become a polynomial.
THANK
YOU
MUCH !!!
 Solves Problems
Involving Functions
 INTRODUCTION
What is a WORD PROBLEM?
A word problem is a mathematical exercise
where significant background information on the
problem is presented as text rather than in
mathematical notation.
As word problems often involve a narrative of
some sort, they are occasionally also referred to
as story problems and may vary in the
amount of language used
 INTRODUCTION
Word problems can be examined on three
levels:
•Level a: the verbal formulation;
•Level b: the underlying mathematical
relations;
•Level c: the symbolic mathematical
expression.
INTRODUCTION
In dealing with real-life problems, it
is best to : understand the problem,
identify what are given, identify what
is asked, identify what operation to
use, so that problem can be
represented correctly with the use of
functions.
 Example 1
The Asia’s Perfect Cone Mayon Volcano that
is located at Albay, Philippines. A
volcanologist from the U.S.A. named Mr.
Xander Einstein went to Albay, Philippines to
measure volume of the Mayon Volcano by
using a modern instrument. He found
out that the length of the volcano
measures 6𝑥2 + 7𝑥, width is 7𝑥 and the height
is 5𝑥2 − 6𝑥, respectively. Calculate for the
volume of the Mayon Volcano if 𝑥 = 4𝑚.
 Example 1
Formula for the VOLUME OF MAYON VOLCANO
𝑙𝑤ℎ
𝑉=
3
SOLUTION
If 𝑥 = 4𝑚,
Given 𝑙 = 6𝑥2 + 7𝑥, 𝑤 = 7𝑥, ℎ = 5𝑥2 − 6𝑥

(6𝑥2+7𝑥)(7𝑥)(5𝑥2 − 6𝑥 )
𝑉=
3
 Example 1
Formula for the VOLUME OF MAYON VOLCANO
𝑙𝑤ℎ
𝑉=
3
SOLUTION
If 𝑥 = 4𝑚,
Given 𝑙 = 6𝑥2 + 7𝑥, 𝑤 = 7𝑥, ℎ = 5𝑥2 − 6𝑥

(6(4𝑚)2+7(4𝑚))(7(4𝑚))(5 4𝑚 2 − 6(4𝑚))
𝑉=
3
 Example 1
Formula for the VOLUME OF MAYON VOLCANO
𝑙𝑤ℎ
𝑉=
3
SOLUTION
If 𝑥 = 4𝑚,
Given 𝑙 = 6𝑥2 + 7𝑥, 𝑤 = 7𝑥, ℎ = 5𝑥2 − 6𝑥

(96𝑚 + 28𝑚)(28𝑚)(80𝑚 − 24𝑚)

𝑉=
3
 Example 1
Formula for the VOLUME OF MAYON VOLCANO
𝑙𝑤ℎ
𝑉=
3
SOLUTION
If 𝑥 = 4𝑚,
Given 𝑙 = 6𝑥2 + 7𝑥, 𝑤 = 7𝑥, ℎ = 5𝑥2 − 6𝑥

(124𝑚)(28𝑚)(56𝑚)
𝑉= = 194 432𝑚
3