VoLTE Basics

NTAS,CFX and SBC Overview

Functional Description
IMS VoLTE and Fixed Line Components
SIX Major Categories

Session Management and Interworking Functions –BGCF,

Database – HLR, HSS
Routing - CSCF MGCF

Services – AS
MMTEL,MRFC,IM-SSF,SCC- Support Functions –
Charging
AS PCRF,IBCF
IPSMGW
Nokia TAS

The IP Short Message Gateway The IP Multimedia Service

Charging
(IP-SM-GW) Switching function (IM-SSF)
IP-SM-GW IM-SSF
IMS Profile for Conversational IMS Profile for Voice and SMS
Video Service (IR.94) SCC-AS IR.94 IR.92 (IR.92)

The Service Centralisation & MRFC

The Media Resource Function
Continuity Application Server (MRF)
Nokia TAS
(SCC-AS)

CSCF

Combining the functions in a single node and triggering it only once saves on signaling traffic
IMS Entities – Session Management and Routing
The Call Control Entities are called Call Session Control Function (CSCF)

Registra-
P - CSCF I - CSCF S - CSCF
tion

Performs session Control

First Contact Point for for UE
UE towards IMS Contact point within an
operator’s network for
all connections
destined to At registration, it behaves
like a registrar and
Session
Main Functions Forwards registration to performs user
Charging Establis-
of CSCF hment I-CSCF authentication with HSS
Contacts HSS during
Registration to assign S-
CSCF
Forwards messages Stores data from HSS for
during Session Setup to corresponding subscriber
S-CSCF
Assigning an S-CSCF
based on received
capabilities from the Routing Decisions
SIP Routing
Involved in QoS HSS
management during
Session Setup
Maintains the session

Obtaining the name of S-CSCF always located in

Depending on the Proxy CSCF Interrogating CSCF Serving CSCF Generates CDRs Home Network
function, CSCFs are the next hop (either S-
(P-CSCF) (I- CSCF) (S-CSCF) CSCF)
classified as
Generates CDRs
IMS Entities

Interworking Functions Services Support

Breakout Media Gateway Media Resource Function Media Resource Function Policy and Charging Rule
Interconnection-Border
Gateway Control Control Function Controller (MRFC) Processor (MRFP) Function (PCRF)
Control Function (I-BCF)
(same as SBC)
Function (BGCF) (MGCF)

Contacted by S- Interworking of IP Combine Policy

CSCF to select based networks Enables
appropriate and legacy conferencing and Controls Bearer Decision and
Security
MGCF in the networks (Control announcements Charging
same network Plane) Functions

Performs protocol Provides

to breakout of the conversion Controls Media Resources (which Authorizes and
IMS domain to CS between SIP Stream resources are controlled by controls the NAT Support
Domain protocols and the MRFC) resource usage
ISUP

Mixes incoming
Required if there Controls the media streams (in Protocol
are multiple Media Gateway case of Acts as Policy
conversion and
MGCFs in the (MGW) for bearer conferencing) Decision Point
routing
same network communication

Generates media Communicates

streams for Topology and
with GGSN (Policy
announcements infrastructure
Enforcement
hiding
Point)

Performs audio
transcoding and
media analysis Charging
Media Relay
correlation
IMS Entities-HSS
Home Subscriber Server (HSS)

Master Database - holding all Keeps database of S-CSCFs Keeps track of location and
HSS Stores :
user information and their capabilities means of access of subscriber

User Identity
• Public User Identity – for
communication with other
users
• Private User Identity – for
registration and authorization

Access Parameters
• User & Roaming
Authentication
• Allocated S-CSCF names
SBC – Session Border Controller

Key functionalities of Nokia SBC

Session Border Controller

Key functionalities of Nokia SBC

CloudBand VNF platform

VoLTE UE • Integrated Border Control Functionality and Border
Gateway Functionality –
• Interconnect: IBCF, I-BGF (TrGW)
•Gm Nokia SBC CSCF
UE with WebRTC
enabled Browsers •Mw 3GPP, • Access functions for mobile, fixed, web and enterprise
SBC Controller
3GPP2 services
•Iq, Gq’, Ix and Wi- • P-CSCF/ATCF/ATGW
IP-PBX / SBC Media Handling Fi
Enterprise
network • Peering functions to support roaming and VoIP NW
s interconnections
•R •Rf
x
• VoLTE and Service continuity support (ATCF)
PCRF CCF • Transcoding (audio, video)
Detailed Architecture iNUM
DNS
CRBT
DNS ENUM
DNS Server
BSS Charging CAMEL Media
/ RTP

S Messaging System
OCS CAMEL T Application Servers
S Comviva
P Nokia OpenTAS MAP T
P SMSC
Mediation CDR MRFC MMTel AS

H.248
IPSMGW SCC AS
MGW Ut / XCAP
MAP
MRFP
ISC / SIP
SIP VAS Nodes
Sh /
Nokia / SDM Diameter
IMS Core MCA
Voice
DND
SMS Media
/ RTP
HLR Nokia CFX-5000 Custmr Out
SCL
S One S Care Dialler

T MAP NDS T S-CSCF

P
LTE & IMS P P-CSCF
HSS
Cx /
Diameter
I-CSCF BGCF
Breakout
Mj / SIP
MGCF
D
R MGCF
A
Mg / SIP
S6a / Mw / SIP
MGW
Diameter
S6a /
Diameter Nokia SBC Media
/ RTP
Signalling Plane Media Plane
Cisco Gx / Cisco Rx /
ATCF ATGW Media
Diameter
PCRF Diameter
E-CSCF Iq
/ RTP
Visited S/P-GW TrGW
SGSN S11 / Sgi / GTP Media
MME GTP Ix / RTP
P-CSCF IBCF BGW
S11 /
GTP Gm
SIP, RTP

Ericsson
S6a /
Diameter
Home
MSS Sv MME Ut / Existing Nodes
SGs XCAP Gm
SIP, RTP

IuPS IuCS eNodeB New Nokia Nodes

Deployed at Hub

Deployed at Circles
3G RAN

VoLTE Phone
CFX 5000: Nokia CSCF VNF Architecture (IMS17.0)

• Three basic types of VMs are supported:

• Traffic Dispatcher (TD)/LB VM:

• Load balances the traffic and hides the CSCF Server VM’s internal VNF structure
• Consists of 2 VMs (active/ standby), where each VM requires 16 vCPU. No scale-out.

• CSCF Server VM:

• includes the CSCF roles and functions
• each VM cluster operates in active/active mode
• can be scaled-out/scaled-in.

• OAM/Mgmt VM:
• provides OAM support for the VNF
• Consists of 3 VMs (active/standby plus quorum VM).

9 © Nokia 2016
CFX 5000: Nokia CSCF VNF Architecture (IMS17.0)
2 Node Cluster 1 2 Node Cluster 2 2 Node Cluster N
with 1+1 Redundancy with 1+1 Redundancy with 1+1 Redundancy • A two level Traffic Dispatcher Concept is introduced in the Nokia

CSCF Server VM
(active/active)
CSCF Server VM
(active/active)
… CSCF Server VM
(active/active)
CSCF:
• L2 Traffic Dispatcher (L2 TD) VM:
(active/active) DB (active/active) DB (active/active) DB
• Load balances the traffic on L2 level and hides the internal VNF structure (Core TD)
Internal LAN
which do not have access to the External LAN

Stateful 1+1 • 2 VMs (active/standby) per VNF, no scale-out.

Core TD VM Core TD VM Core TD VM
(active/active)
(N+K)
(active/active)
(N+K)
(active/active)
(N+K) CSCF VNF • Core TD VM:
(all roles co-located) • Terminates the SIP Core interfaces Mw, ISC, Mj, etc
• N+K operation, Max = 8 Core TD VM per VNF.
• CIF TD VM:
L2 TD VM
(active/active) CIF VM / Dia
(active/active) OAM/Mgmt VM
(active/active) • Central Interface and Functions (CIF) VM for terminating the interfaces: X1, X2,
(active/standby) (active/standby) (active/standby) FTP, DNS and also Diameter functionality.
• Terminates all the Diameter interfaces of the CSCF VNF: Cx, Rx, etc.
Example path of SIP Invite Different VLANs are used on the External LAN • 2 VMs (active/ standby) per VNF.

Gm, Mw, ISC, Mg, Mj, etc X1, X2, FTP, DNS, Cx, Rf, . OAM Interfaces • CSCF Server VM:
• includes the CSCF roles and functions
• each VM cluster operates in active/active mode
UE TAS MGCF HSS OCS/CDF LIMS, DNS, CDF EMS VNFM • can be scaled-out/scaled-in.
• OAM/Mgmt VM:
• External SIP traffic terminates at L2 TD VM which is a 2N redundant VM • provides OAM support for the VNF
• External DIA traffic terminates at CIF TD VM which is a 2N redundant VM • Consists of 3 VMs (active/standby plus quorum VM).

• OAM traffic terminates at OAM VM which is a 2N redundant VM

• CSCF role is performed by the VM which exists in 1+1 redundancy
10 © Nokia 2016
 IMS17.0 High Capacity CSCF VNF (Stateful 1+1)
SIP Traffic Routing
CSCF VM-1 CSCF VM-2 CSCF VM-n CSCF VM-m
(Active) (Active)

Internal LAN
4 Select CSCF based
3 on IP hashing

TD_Core 1 TD_Core 2 TD_Core k

(Active) (Active) (Active)

Select TD-Core Internal LAN 2

based IP
Hashing 2
5

L2TD-1 L2TD-2 CIF-1 CIF-2 OAM-1

(Active) (Standby) (Active) (Standby) (Active)

SIP Request 1 6
11 © Nokia 2016

Mw
IMS17.0 High Capacity CSCF VNF (Stateful 1+1)
Diameter Traffic Routing
CSCF VM-1 CSCF VM-2 CSCF VM-n CSCF VM-m
(Active) (Active)

1 Internal LAN

TD_Core 1 TD_Core 2 TD_Core k

(Active) (Active) (Active)

Internal LAN 2

L2TD-1 L2TD-2 CIF-1 CIF-2 OAM-1

(Active) (Standby) (Active) (Standby) (Active)

3 2
12 © Nokia 2016
NTAS: Nokia VNF Architecture (IMS17.0)

Nokia TAS VMs are categorized according to the service/capability running on it;

• Service/Business Logic (SL/BL), running service logic functions

Eg. TASC, XCAP, SOAP

• Database (DB), running subscriber data cache and shared data storage functions

• Traffic Dispatcher (TD), running external connectivity and load sharing functions
Eg. SIP, DIA, HTTP, H.248, M3UA

• Operate and Maintain (OAM), running NTAS management functions

13 © Nokia 2016
NTAS: Nokia VNF Architecture (IMS17.0)
VM VNFC Type/Name Redundancy Scheme Instances Required Comments and description of model
TASC N+ 2 All active
XCAP/SOAP N+ 2 All active
CCF N+ 2 All active
GLUSTERFS (for OAM+CCF) N+ 3 All active
DB N+ 3 All active
OAM N+ 3 All active
SMD N+ 2 All active
DTD (for control) N+ 2 All active
DTD (for billing) N+ 2 All active
HTTP N+ 2 All active
H.248 N+ 2 All active
M3UA N+ 2 All active
TRAFFICA N+ 2 All active
LI N+ 2 All active
ADMINTD N+ 2 All active

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