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Introduction To Peripheral Nerve Blocks

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12 views10 pages

Introduction To Peripheral Nerve Blocks

Uploaded by

asifrealme83
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

Peripheral Nerve
Blocks
Peripheral nerve blocks are a valuable tool in
pain management, offering targeted anesthesia
and pain relief for surgical procedures and
chronic pain conditions. By strategically
numbing specific nerves, these blocks can
provide effective anesthesia while minimizing
the side effects of systemic anesthesia.
by Semmathi Saravanamuthu
Lecturer
Department of Anaesthesia
Anatomy of the Peripheral Nervous System
Spinal Nerves Brachial Plexus Lumbosacral Plexus
The peripheral nervous The brachial plexus is a The lumbosacral plexus
system consists of 31 network of nerves that is a network of nerves
pairs of spinal nerves that controls the upper limb, that controls the lower
branch out from the spinal originating from the limb, originating from
cord, innervating the cervical and thoracic the lumbar and sacral
body's muscles, skin, and spinal nerves. spinal nerves.
organs.
Types of Upper and
Lower Limb Blocks

1 Upper Limb Blocks2 Lower Limb Blocks


Interscalene, Femoral,
supraclavicular, adductor canal,
infraclavicular, and popliteal, and
axillary blocks sciatic blocks

3 Truncal Blocks
Transversus abdominis plane (TAP)
and quadratus lumborum (QL)
blocks
Femoral and Popliteal
Blocks in Detail
1 Femoral Block
Targets the femoral nerve, providing
anesthesia for procedures on the
anterior thigh, knee, and medial leg.

2 Popliteal Block
Targets the sciatic nerve, providing
anesthesia for procedures on the
posterior knee, calf, and foot.

3 Combination Blocks
Combining femoral and popliteal
blocks can provide comprehensive
anesthesia for lower extremity
procedures.
Indications for Peripheral
Nerve Blocks
Surgical Anesthesia Postoperative Pain Relief
For procedures on Providing targeted
the upper and lower analgesia after
extremities, such as surgeries to improve
orthopedic, patient comfort and
vascular, and plastic facilitate
surgeries. rehabilitation.
Chronic Pain Management Emergency Situations
For the treatment of To provide rapid
neuropathic pain anesthesia in
conditions, such as trauma cases, such
post-herpetic as limb amputations
neuralgia and or open fractures.
complex regional
pain syndrome.
Techniques for Performing
Nerve Blocks

Ultrasound-Guided Nerve Stimulation


Using real-time Eliciting a motor
imaging to visualize response to locate the
nerves and guide target nerve and
needle placement for confirm proper needle
improved accuracy. position.

Landmark-Based Injections
Relying on palpable anatomical Carefully administering the local
structures to guide needle anesthetic solution around the
placement, often used for simple target nerve to provide the
blocks. desired anesthesia.
Anesthetic Agents and Adjuncts

Local Anesthetics Lidocaine,


Bupivacaine,
Ropivacaine
Adjuncts Epinephrine,
Clonidine,
Dexamethasone
Duration of Action Short (2-4 hours),
Intermediate (6-12
hours), Long (12-24
hours)
Complications and Risks of
Nerve Blocks
Neurological Injury
Potential for temporary or permanent
nerve damage from needle trauma or
intraneural injection.
Local Anesthetic Toxicity
Systemic absorption of the local
anesthetic, leading to cardiac or central
nervous system effects.
Infection
Risk of infection at the injection site,
which may require antibiotic treatment.

Vascular Puncture
Inadvertent puncture of blood vessels,
potentially leading to hematoma
formation.
Benefits of Peripheral Nerve Blocks
Improved Analgesia Reduced Opioid Usage Enhanced Recovery
Peripheral nerve blocks The targeted nature of Nerve blocks facilitate
provide superior pain nerve blocks allows for earlier mobilization and
relief compared to reduced reliance on rehabilitation, leading to
systemic opioid opioid analgesics, faster recovery times for
medications. minimizing their side patients.
effects.
Conclusion and Key Takeaways
1 Versatile 2 Precise Technique
Anesthesia Tool Proper technique,
Peripheral nerve including the use
blocks offer a of ultrasound
valuable alternative guidance and
to systemic nerve stimulation,
anesthesia, providing is crucial to
targeted pain relief ensure the safety
for a variety of and efficacy of
surgical and chronic nerve blocks.
pain conditions.
3 Balanced Risk-Benefit Profile
While nerve blocks have inherent risks, the
benefits of improved analgesia, reduced
opioid usage, and enhanced recovery make
them a powerful tool in the management of

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