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Introduction To Plant Cell Culture

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41 views10 pages

Introduction To Plant Cell Culture

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Uploaded by

rajanikanthmeka4
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Introduction to

Plant Cell
Culture
Plant cell culture is the growth of plant cells, tissues, or organs in a
controlled environment. It offers a powerful tool for studying plant
biology and for applications in biotechnology and agriculture.

By M.Anil Kumar
Importance of Plant Cell
Culture
Efficient Propagation Genetic Engineering
Rapidly generate large numbers Plant cell cultures are used for
of genetically identical plants, introducing new genes into
making it ideal for mass plants, leading to development
propagation of valuable species. of new traits and improved crop
yields.

Conservation Efforts Biomolecule Production


Conserves rare or endangered Produce valuable bioactive
plants by providing a means for compounds like pharmaceuticals,
their propagation and storage, fragrances, and cosmetics using
safeguarding biodiversity. plant cell cultures as sustainable
biofactories.
Basic Principles of Plant Cell Culture

1 Explant Selection
A small piece of plant tissue, called an explant, is carefully selected for culture.

2 Sterilization
The explant is thoroughly sterilized to eliminate microorganisms and ensure aseptic conditions.

3 Culture Initiation
The sterilized explant is placed in a sterile culture medium with appropriate nutrients and growth regulators.

4 Cell Division and Growth


Plant cells in the culture begin to divide and proliferate, forming a callus or differentiated tissues.

5 Regeneration and Propagation


The cultured cells can be induced to regenerate into whole plants or specific organs, leading to clonal propagation.
Plant Cell Culture Media
and Nutrients
Nutrient Type Role

Macronutrients (N, P, K) Essential for cell growth and


metabolism

Micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn) Required in smaller amounts


for various enzyme functions

Vitamins (Thiamine, Nicotinic Important cofactors for


acid) metabolic reactions

Sugars (Sucrose) Primary carbon source for


energy and biosynthesis

Growth Regulators (Auxins, Influence cell division,


Cytokinins) differentiation, and
organogenesis
Sterilization and
Aseptic Techniques
1 Autoclaving 2 Surface Sterilization
High-pressure steam Treatment of explants
sterilization of media, with disinfectants to kill
equipment, and surface contaminants.
glassware to eliminate
microorganisms.

3 Laminar Flow Hood 4 Aseptic Practices


Provides a sterile working Strict procedures and
environment with filtered techniques to maintain
air to prevent sterility throughout the
contamination. culture process.
Callus Induction and
Maintenance
Explant Placement
Sterilized explants are placed on a culture medium
with high auxin concentration.

Callus Formation
Cells at the cut ends of the explant start dividing
rapidly, forming a mass of undifferentiated cells.

Callus Maintenance
The callus is transferred regularly to fresh medium to
maintain its growth and proliferation.
Organogenesis and Somatic Embryogenesis
Organogenesis Somatic Embryogenesis

Regeneration of organs (roots, shoots, leaves) from Formation of embryos from somatic cells, bypassing
cultured cells. sexual reproduction.

• Cytokinin promotes shoot formation • Requires specific hormonal balances


• Auxin promotes root formation • Can result in multiple embryos
Micropropagation and
Clonal Propagation

Genetic Uniformity
All offspring are genetically identical to the original plant.

Rapid Propagation
Produces large numbers of plants in a short time.

Disease-Free Plants
Eliminates the risk of transmitting diseases through seeds.
Applications of Plant Cell Culture

Biotechnology Agriculture Conservation


Production of valuable Rapid propagation of elite varieties, Preservation of rare or endangered
pharmaceuticals, fragrances, and disease-free plants, and genetic plant species.
other biomolecules. engineering.
Challenges and Future
Prospects
1 Genetic Instability 2 Scaling Up
Long-term cultures may
Production
exhibit genetic variations. Cost-effective scaling up
of bioreactors for large-
scale production.

3 New Technologies
Integration of automation, artificial intelligence, and
advanced bioreactors.

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