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Energy Auditing - UNIT-1 - CVKR

Energy auditing_UNIT-1_CVKR

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Sri Ch.V.Krishna Reddy Assistant Professor (Sr,)
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38 views22 pages

Energy Auditing - UNIT-1 - CVKR

Energy auditing_UNIT-1_CVKR

Uploaded by

Sri Ch.V.Krishna Reddy Assistant Professor (Sr,)
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Energy Audit(EA)

• The energy audit is the key for decision-making in the area


of energy management.
• As per India Energy Conservation Act 2001, the energy audit
is defined as the verification, monitoring and analysis of use
of energy including submission of technical report
containing recommendations for improving energy
efficiency with cost benefit analysis and an action plan to
reduce energy consumption.
(Or)
• Energy audit is an inspection, survey and analysis of energy
flows for energy conservation to reduce the amount of
energy input into the system without negatively affecting the
output.
Needs of EA
• Primary need of energy audit is to determine ways to
reduce energy consumption per unit of product output or
to lower operating cost.
• To reduce the operating expense on top three categories of
any industry or organization i.e. energy (electrical and
thermal), labour and materials.
• As energy would be top ranker for cost reduction, which
can be technically achieved by energy audit.
• To develop a "bench-mark" or reference point for
managing energy in any industry or organization.
Type of EA to be performed depends
• The type of EA to be performed depends on
• Function and type of Industry
• Depth to which final audit is needed
• Potential and magnitude of cost reduction desired
Types/Methods of EA
EA is broadly classified in three categories:
1. Preliminary/ Simple/ Screening/ Walk-through EA
2. General/Mini/Site/Complete site/Targeted EA
3. Detailed/Comprehensive/Investment-
grade/Maximum/Technical Analysis EA
1. Walk-through EA
This is the simplest and quickest type of audit and conducted
in a limited span of time. It involves minimal interviews with
site-operating personnel, a brief review of facility utility bills
and other operating data, and a walk-through of the facility
to become familiar with the building operation and to
identify any glaring areas of energy waste or inefficiency. It
focuses on major energy supplies and demands of the
industry. The scope of this audit is to highlight energy costs
and to identify wastages in major equipment processes it sets
priorities for optimizing energy consumption. This type of
energy audit checks energy use and energy management in
factories or organization.
1. Walk-through EA
This energy audit is especially conducted to:
• Ensure top management commitment
• Establish energy consumption in the organization
• Estimate the scope for saving
• Identify the most likely (and the easiest areas for attention)
• Identify immediate(especially no-low cost )
improvements/savings
• Identify areas more detailed study/measurement
• Preliminary energy audit uses existing, or easily obtained
data
2. General EA
This audit expands on the preliminary audit described above
by collecting more detailed information about facility
operation and performing a more detailed evaluation of
energy conservation measures identified. Utility bills are
collected for a 12 to 36 month period to allow the auditor to
evaluate the facility's energy/demand rate structures, and
energy usage profiles. Additional metering of specific
energy-consuming systems is often performed to supplement
utility data. In-depth interviews with facility operating
personnel are conducted to provide a better understanding of
major energy consuming systems as well as insight into
variations in daily and annual energy consumption and
demand
3.Detailed EA
The expands on the general audit described above by
providing a dynamic model of energy-use characteristics of
both the existing facility and all energy conservation
measures identified. The building model is calibrated against
actual utility data to provide a realistic baseline against which
to compute operating savings for proposed measures.
Extensive attention is given to understanding not only the
operating characteristics of all energy consuming systems,
but also situations that cause load profile variations on short
and longer term bases (e.g. daily, weekly, monthly, annual).
Existing utility data is supplemented with sub metering of
major energy consuming systems and monitoring of system
operating characteristics. Generally, detailed energy auditing
is carried out in three phases: Phase I, II and III.
Ten Steps Methodology for detailed EA
Phase I: Pre-Audit Phase
Step 1: Plan & organize walk-through audit, informal interview with manager,
production manager
Step 2: Conduct of brief meeting/awareness program with all divisional heads
Phase II: Audit Phase
Step 3: Primary data gathering, process flow diagram and energy utility diagram
Step 4: Conduct survey and monitoring
Step 5: Conduct of detailed trials/experiment for the highest energy consumption
equipments
Step 6: Analysis of energy use
Step 7: Identification and development of energy management opportunities
(EMO's)
Step 8: Cost benefits analysis
Step 9: Reporting and presentation to the top management
Phase III: Post Audit Phase
Step 10Implementation and follow up.
PEA DEA
Objective Set priorities for optimizing energy a) Quantify Energy consumption and utilization
consumptions b) Evolve detailed engineering for options to
reduce energy cost

Scope Highlight energy cost and wastages in Formulate detailed plan on the basis of
major equipment /problems quantitative evaluation

Duration 2-10 days 1 – 10 weeks


Audit a) No pre audit visit required a) One / two pre audit visits are required
b) Detailed questionnaire to be b) In addition
completed before audit - Advance notice to HOD’s
- Arranging office and secretarial support
- Advance tentative schedule
- Audit kit planning

Due date of Within 2 weeks of completion of Within 3 months of completion of field work
report field work
Instruments needed for Energy
Audit
The following are the typical instruments needed for energy audit:

Power meters( Clip-on-meters and direct connected meters).


Power factor meters( clip-on-meters).
Lux meters—To measure the illumination level.
Energy meters, ammeters( Clip-on-meters also), Voltmeters.
Stop-Watch
Tachometer
Bearing stethoscope to see the conditions of bearings
Portable temperature indicators
13
Energy Audit methods based on
Flow of energy – energy balance
Flow of material - mass balance
CEOs

15
Table of Summery of energy saving
recommendation

16
Prioritize recommendations

17
Example: saving in terms of fuel

18
Types of load for energy audit
• Electrical load
• Heating load
• Cooling Load
• Lighting load
Energy Efficiency in
Lighting
Electricity for lighting
• About 15% of total electricity produced is used for lighting
purposes
• India’s energy intensity per unit GDP is higher than that of Asia,
Japan and USA by 1.47, 3.7, 1.55 respectively
 inefficient use of energy

Sector % of total % Lighting


electricity used component
Industry 49 5-15
Commercial/public 17 5-15
Domestic 10 50-90
Other 24 2
• up to 40% electricity saving in lighting can be achieved by
retrofitting efficient ballast, lamps, reflectors etc.

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