CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations Course : CAD/CAM

CAD/CAM
using various methods available

UNIT – III

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 1

 Topic : Lecture Plan Course : CAD/CAM

Lecture Plan
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

MODULE
TOPIC
NO
INTRODUCTION
Introduction to NC/CNC (NC, NC modes, NC elements,
1
CNC machine tools, Coordinate Systems)
Structure of CNC machine tools (Classification, MCU and
using various methods available

2
its organization, CNC Control systems and its functions)
Structure of CNC machine tools (Tape Reading, Tooling,
3
Feedback components – Resolvers and Encoders)
Features of CNC Machines (Machining and Turning
4
centers)
Part Programming – Methods and Computer Aided Part
5
Programming, APT Language - 1
6 APT Language - 2
7 APT Language - 3
8 APT Language - 4
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 2
 Topic : Numerical Control Introduction Course : CAD/CAM

Why Automation?
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

Basic Requirements are:

• High Productivity
• More profit
• Improved and Consistent quality
• Repeatability and Reliability
• Conventional standard equipment is required with large skilled
using various methods available

labour
Of the entire spectrum on 15 – 20 % require mass production. Rest
all is being done either in job-shop or batch production. This is
because
• High variety of products required
• Discontinuous demand for the product
• Batch sizes required are either small or medium
• Human intervention is another factor leading to inconsistency
and unpredictable delays in schedules
• Changes in parts may result in high setup costs

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 3

 Topic : Numerical Control Introduction Course : CAD/CAM

Basic Definition
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

• Automation is the process of using the principles of mechanical, electrical,

electronics and computer science engineering so as to reduce the human
intervention.

• Fixed Automation: This is also called as Hard Automation. Here once the
sequences are defined, a lot of setup costs are required so as to change the
sequence.
using various methods available

Ex.: Assembly lines

• Programmable Automation: In this type of automation, the change in sequence

of operation can be easily accommodated by programming. Robotics, CNC finds
its applications here as they are programmable. This is best suited for batch
production.

• Flexible automation: In this type of automation, literally there is no lead time

for changing the part family being processed. Robotics, CNC finds its
applications here as they are programmable.
Ex.: FMS

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 4

 Topic : Numerical Control Introduction Course : CAD/CAM

A little touch of history

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

• A category of automated machine tools, such as drills and lathes, that

operate from instructions in a program are called as Numerical Control
(NC) Machines.

• Both NC and CNC (computerized NC) are used to describe this category.

• The birth of NC is largely credited to John T. Parsons and Frank L. Stulen

using various methods available

during 1950s at Parsons Corp.

• First-generation machines were hardwired to perform specific tasks or

programmed in a very low-level machine language.

• Today, they are controlled by microprocessors and are programmed in

high-level languages, such as APT, COMPACT II etc which automatically
generate the tool path (physical motions required to perform the
operation).

• The term was coined in the 1950s when the instructions to the tool were
numeric codes. Just like the computer industry, symbolic languages were
soon developed, but the original term remained.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 5

 Topic : Numerical Control Introduction Course : CAD/CAM

Advantages and Disadvantages

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

Advantages of Numerical Control:

• High flexibility.
• Large floor area is saved as an NC m/c can perform a wide variety of
operations.
• Need for special purpose tooling largely eliminated.
• Lead time reduced.
using various methods available

• Handling time largely reduced.

• Design changes can be easily incorporated and best suitable for
batch production.
• Largely independent of operator’s skills.
• Sudden changes in demand can be easily met.
• High accuracy.
• Cost estimation can be done accurately.

Disadvantages of NC machines:
• High setup costs
• Special skills in programming and maintenance required.
• Downtime of NC machine is costly.
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 6
 Topic : Numerical Control Introduction Course : CAD/CAM

CNC & DNC

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

• CNC (Computer Numerical Control): The numerical control system

where in a dedicated, stored program computer is used to perform
some or all of the basic numerical control functions in accordance
with control programs stored in the read – write memory of the
computer.
using various methods available

• DNC (DIRECT NUMERICAL CONTROL): This refers to the usage of a

large frame computer which not only performs other functions in the
company but also controls a number of NC installations in the plant.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 7

 Topic : Numerical Control Introduction Course : CAD/CAM

NC and CNC side by side

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations
using various methods available

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 8

 Topic : Numerical Control Introduction Course : CAD/CAM

Coordinate Systems
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations
using various methods available

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 9

 Topic : Numerical Control Introduction Course : CAD/CAM

SUMMARY
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

• In this module, a detailed discussion regarding the

following is presented:
• NC, CNC &DNC
• Need of shifting to NC or CNC machines
• Difference between NC and CNC machines
using various methods available

• Coordinate systems for different types of CNC machines

• In the next module, we shall discuss MCU and CNC

systems

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 10

 Topic : CNC Classification Course : CAD/CAM

CNC Classification
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

Based on Coordinate System Group I : Rotating

Group II : Rotating Work tool
Group I(a) :
piece
Group III : Stationary tool and Spindle
work piece Horizontal
Group I(b) :
using various methods available

Group IV : Special Purpose Spindle Vertical

M/C

Machining

Mechanism
Open loop
operation
Based on

Based on
feedback
center
types

NC Machines
Turning center Closed loop

Based on Control Systems

P – type L – type C – type

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 11

 Topic : NC/CNC system architecture Course : CAD/CAM

CNC Machine Block Diagram

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

Program input
(from a tape MCU
reader)
using various methods available

NC Machine

Servo
Drives
controls

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 12

 Topic : NC/CNC system architecture Course : CAD/CAM

MCU and Its Organization

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

Control panel CNC blocks have G-Codes which give

the motion commands and canned
cycles.

Auxiliary functions give commands like

Data Decoding spindle start, stop, coolant start/stop,
using various methods available

Control Area Tool change, chuck open/close, door

open/close
Auxiliary To M/C
Tape
Buffer functions, tool
Reader
m, s, t area

Feed rate f Servo To M/C

Interpolator tool
control area area

M/C tool
feed
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 13
 Topic : NC/CNC system architecture Course : CAD/CAM

CNC System Block Diagram

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

Mini
Hardwire
computer
d
and
modules
storage
NC
Machin
actuatio
e tool
using various methods available

n areas

INTERFACE

Control
panel
Management Information like the running
CRT
Manual Information job, tool status, machine
display
data input System status etc.

Tape Tape
reader punch
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 14
 Topic : NC/CNC system architecture Course : CAD/CAM

Functions of CNC Control Systems

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

✔ Program storage
✔ Program modification/editing
✔ Pattern program storage
✔ Expanded tool offsets
using various methods available

✔ Control flexibility
✔ Sending control signals for interpolation
✔ Digitizing
✔ Management Information
✔ Maintenance

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 15

 Topic : NC/CNC system architecture Course : CAD/CAM

Control Systems Types

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

• P-Type (Point To Point or PTP)

• Moving at maximum rate from point to point.
• Accuracy of the destination is important but not the
path.
• Drilling is a good application.
using various methods available

• L-Type (Straight Cut)

• Straight-cut control systems are capable of moving the
cutting tool parallel to one of the major axes
• Suitable for performing milling operations to fabricate
workpieces of rectangular configurations

• C-Type (Contouring or Continuous Path)

• Controls both the displacement and the velocity.
• Machining profiles.
• Precise control.
• Use linear and circular interpolators.
SLIDE No: 16
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
 Topic : Tape Readers Course : CAD/CAM

Tape Readers
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

• Punched tapes are generally used for giving program as input to NC

devices.

• These punched tapes are based on 7-bit ASCII.

• The tape can be made out of several materials.

using various methods available

• Paper tape is common. Although its cost is low, it is not durable and
therefore not appropriate for repeated use.

• Stronger tape materials suitable for higher production use include

Mylar-reinforced paper, Mylar-coated aluminum, and certain plastics.

• Paper is often used for the initial preparation and testing of the part
program.

• Then, a production tape is duplicated out of one of the more durable

materials for shop floor use. The punched paper tape is retained as
the master copy.
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 17
 Topic : Tape Readers Course : CAD/CAM

Punched Tape
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

1. Number of holes is 8 with

additional holes for
sprocket
2. Presence of hole is 1 and
absence of hole is 0
3. 5th hole is a parity check
using various methods available

hole for checking the

validity of the data that is
read
4. Tape readers are
generally programmed to
read odd number of
binary bits per line
5. If the character is having
odd number of bits in its
binary number, then there
will be a hole in the 5th
place
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 18
 Course : CAD/CAM

Tape Reading
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

Method 1
• The tape passes over a light source
• The light pulses produced due to presence of
punches will be detected by photodiodes
• These pulses are then decoded
using various methods available

http://www.decodesystems.com/ce-punched-readers.html

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 19

 Topic : Tooling for NC Machines Course : CAD/CAM

NC Tooling – A tool with tool holder

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations
using various methods available

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 20

 Topic : Tooling for NC Machines Course : CAD/CAM

Preset Tooling
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

• Presetting is a process of measuring tool parameters like length, dia at a

separate place and specifying compensations or offsets

• Contact and non-contact techniques are used for presetting tools.

• The tools whose offsets are specified using presetting are called as preset tools
using various methods available

• Tool wear determination can easily be done through this technique

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 21

 Topic : Tooling for NC Machines Course : CAD/CAM

Qualified Tooling
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

Tool which fits into a location on the machine, where its cutting edge is accurately
positioned within close limits relative to a specified datum on the tool holder or
slide, is known as qualified tool. The cutting tools satisfy the following
requirements :
• Tools need not be measured individually.
• No pre-setting device is used.
using various methods available

• The dimensions of the tool holder which are fixed and known.
• Set up time is reduced.
• Control dimensions of the tool are nominal and fixed.
• Higher control on resharpening e.g. drills, reamers.
• Cutter for better size control e.g. end mills, teamers.
• Chip breaking facilities incorporated in tool.
• Improved designs

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 22

 Topic : Feedback Components Course : CAD/CAM

Feedback Components
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

Linear transducers

Transducers
Rotary transducers
using various methods available

Resolvers Encoders

Resolvers And Encoders

• Resolvers are analog feedback devices
• Encoders are digital feedback devices

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 23

 Topic : Feedback Components Course : CAD/CAM

Resolvers
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

• A resolver is similar in design to a motor, consisting of a rotor with a

primary (reference) winding and a stator with two secondary windings
that are phased 90 degrees mechanically apart.
• When an AC voltage is applied to the rotor winding, voltages are then
induced in the stator windings.
• These voltages are equal to the value of the reference voltage
using various methods available

multiplied by the sine or cosine of the input shaft’s angle from a zero
point.
• The ratio of the voltages represents the absolute position of the input
shaft, and a resolver to digital converter (RDC) compares the two
voltages to determine the shaft position.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 24

 Topic : Feedback Components Course : CAD/CAM

Encoders
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

Linear Encoder
using various methods available

Encoders

Rotary Encoder

Incremental Absolute

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 25

 Topic : Feedback Components Course : CAD/CAM

Rotary Encoder
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

Incremental Rotary Encoders

Rotary Encoders
Absolute Rotary Encoders
using various methods available

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 26

 Topic : Feedback Components Course : CAD/CAM

Rotary Encoders
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations
using various methods available

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 27

 Topic : Feedback Components Course : CAD/CAM

Linear Encoder
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

Incremental

Linear Encoders

Absolute
using various methods available

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 28

 Topic : Features of CNC Course : CAD/CAM

Machining centers & their features

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

A machining center is the most capable and versatile NC metal cutting tool which can
perform milling, drilling, boring, reaming and tapping operations.

FEATURES:
• General design features
using various methods available

• Automatic tool changers (ATC)

• Tool transfer in ATC
• Automatic pallet changers
• Additional features of machining centers
 Multi-axis machining
 Multiple spindle heads
 In-process gauging
 Choice of control

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 29

 Topic : Features of CNC Course : CAD/CAM

General Design Features

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

• Rugged Construction
• Guideways and Lubrication
• Recirculating ball bearings
• Ease of access
using various methods available

Recirculating Ball bearings

YAMA fmv99
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 30
 Topic : Features of CNC Course : CAD/CAM

Automatic tool changer (magazines)

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations
using various methods available

Tool Magazine for Hyundai WIA

Robot for retrieval of Tool
Drum Type tool magazine with KH63 630 horizontal machining
arm for changing tool centre

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 31

 Topic : Features of CNC Course : CAD/CAM

Automatic Tool Changer (ATC) Sequence

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations
using various methods available

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 32

 Topic : Features of CNC Course : CAD/CAM

Pallet changers
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations
using various methods available

Shuttle type Rotary Table Type

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 33

 Topic : Features of CNC Course : CAD/CAM

Multi-Axis Machine
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations
using various methods available

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 34

 Course : CAD/CAM

MILL - TURN Center

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

Index G220
using various methods available

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 35

 Topic : Features of CNC Course : CAD/CAM

Turning centers and their Features

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

A turning center is a horizontal spindle machine with rotating work part

which in addition to shaft, bar and chuck work, is able to perform
operations like off – center drilling, contour milling, tapping, making T-
slots and key ways.
using various methods available

FEATURES:
• Bed construction
• Drive
• Bar feeds
• Parting – off slide
• Work auto-gauge system and auto tool offsets
SLIDE No: 36
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
 Topic : Features of CNC Course : CAD/CAM

Bed Construction
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

• CNC Turning center bed is designed to

withstand continuous long hour operations

• The Guideways and transmission

using various methods available

mechanisms are designed to have high

fatigue life

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 37

 Topic : Features of CNC Course : CAD/CAM

Automated Bar Stock Feed Attachment

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations
using various methods available

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 38

 Topic : Part Programming Course : CAD/CAM

NC Program Block Structure

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

The information about an operation which would be necessary to be

conveyed to the controller for the machine tool operation would
consist of the following:
• Operation number
• Operation code
• Coordinates for position or motion
using various methods available

• Tool information
• Speed and feed of operation
• Miscellaneous information like on/off of spindle, CCW/CW rotation
direction, coolant on/off

This information in the program in furnished in the form of blocks.

There are three types of formats for representing the blocks.
• Fixed sequential format
• Word address format
• Tab sequential format

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 39

 Topic : Part Programming Course : CAD/CAM

NC Part Program Block Structure

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

Block: N G XYZAB… S F T M EOB

N Operation sequence number address
G Preparatory function address
X,Y,Z,A,B,C . . . Dimension address
using various methods available

S Spindle speed address

F Feed rate address
T Tool address
M Miscellaneous function address
EOB End of the block

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 40

 Course : CAD/CAM
Preparatory function
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

The information given by a word which is prefixed by the letter G followed by

the numerical code for the operation for which the control unit is to instruct the
machine tool.
Absolute and Incremental preparatory functions:
G90 – Absolute coordinate system
G91 – Incremental coordinate system
using various methods available

Miscellaneous function
The information given by a word which is prefixed by the letter M followed by
the numerical code for the operation for which the control unit is to instruct the
machine tool. Operations like spindle start/stop, spindle CW/CCW, coolant
ON/OFF etc. are given by miscellaneous functions. These are also called as
Auxiliary functions and prefixed by M.
Tool information (Tool location and offset information is given by data prefixed
by T)
Speed & Feed data (Speed is given by data prefixed by S and feed is given by data
prefixed by F)
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 41
 Course : CAD/CAM

Interpolation
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

The motion of the tool is called interpolation. Interpolation

is of two types:
• Linear interpolation (Motion of tool in straight line)
• Circular interpolation (Motion of tool along curved path)
using various methods available

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 42

 Topic : Part Programming Course : CAD/CAM

Linear Interpolation
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

• Linear interpolation is given by G01 command. The

destination is provided in the block along with other
relevant information for machining.
Eg: Let the cutter be at some point and it is required to move the
tool to (30,40) along a st. line. The block for the above motion
using various methods available

will be:
N24 G01 X30000 Y30000 F100 …

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 43

 Topic : Part Programming Course : CAD/CAM

Circular Interpolation
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

• Circular interpolation is given by G02 and G03.

• G02 – Circular interpolation (clockwise)
• G03 – circular interpolation (counter clockwise).
Eg: Now, if it is required to proceed further along an arc of
a circle with (0,0) as centre and to point (50,0). For this the
using various methods available

block in the program will be

N24 G02 X50000 Y0 I-30000 J-40000 F100 …
In the above block I,J indicate the centre of the arc relative to
starting point

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 44

 Topic : Part Programming Course : CAD/CAM

Canned Cycles
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

• Some machining operations require some preliminary operations to take place

before the actual machining to take place.
• For example, considering drilling operation the tool must initially move to
drilling position in XY plane and then along the Z-direction till rapid plane (the
plane from which motion at specified feed rate starts). Once the drilling is
completed, the tool should retract to the rapid plane.
using various methods available

• These operations can be grouped and made available by use of preparatory

functions called canned cycles or fixed cycles.
G78, G79 MILLING
G80 CANNED CYCLE CANCLE
G81 DRILL
G82 DRILL DWELL
G84 TAPPING
G85 REAMING
G86 BORING
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 45
 Topic : Part Programming Course : CAD/CAM

Some more preparatory functions

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

G00 RAPID TRAVERSE

G33 THREAD CUTTING, CONSTANT LEAD
G34 THREAD CUTTING, INCREASING LEAD
G35 THREAD CUTTING, DECREASING LEAD
using various methods available

G40 CUTTER COMPENSATION CANCEL

G41 CUTTER RADIUS OVERSHOOT
G42 CUTTER RADIUS UNDERSHOOT
G43 CUTTER COMPENSATION POSITIVE
G44 CUTTER COMPENSATION NEGITIVE
G92 ABSOLUTE PRESET

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 46

 Topic : Part Programming Course : CAD/CAM

Auxiliary or Miscellaneous Functions

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

M00 PROGRAM STOP

M01 OPTIONAL(PLANNED)
STOP
using various methods available

M02 END OF THE PROGRAM

M03 SPINDLE ON CW
M04 SPINDLE ON CCW
M05 SPINDLE OFF
M06 TOOL CHANGE
M10 CLAMP
M11 UNCLAMP
M30 PROGRAM STOP REWIND

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 47

 Topic : Part Programming Course : CAD/CAM

Example 1
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

Operation sheet
S.No Operation Tool Speed Feed
(rpm) (mm/min)
1. End milling edges T01 1500 100
using various methods available

2. Drilling hole 10mm T02 600 60

dia.
3. Drilling 20mm dia. T03 600 60
hole
Tool Sheet
T01 End mill 5mm dia. z
T02 Drill tool 10mm dia.
x
T03 Drill tool 20mm dia.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 48

 Topic : Part Programming Course : CAD/CAM
N001 G92 X0 Y0 Z50000 F0;

Example 1 N002 G90;

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

N003 G00 X-50000 Y-2500;

N004 T01 M06;
(-2.5,62.5) N005 G00 X-2500 Y-2500 Z2000 S1500 M03;
(72.5,62.5
) N007 G01 Z-16000 F100;
N008 Y62500;
(50,40) N009 X72500 ;
N010 Y-2500;
N011 X-2500;
using various methods available

(20,30)
N012 Z2000;
N013 G00 X-50000 Y-2500 Z50000 M05;
N014 T02 M06;
N015 G00 X20000 Y30000 S600 M03;
N016 G81 Z-18000 R2000 F60;
(-50,-2.5) (-2.5,-2.5) (72.5,- N017 G80;
2.5)
N018 G00 X-50000 Y-2500 Z50000 M05;
Note: If a preparatory function is specified, N014 T03 M06;
the same preparatory function is carried N015 G00 X50000 Y40000 S600 M03;
on for the next block until another N016 G81 Z-18000 R2000 F60;
preparatory function is called
N017 G80 G00 X-50000 Y-2500 Z50000 M05;
N018 M30;

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 49

 Topic : Part Programming Course : CAD/CAM

Tool Offsets
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

• The differences in lengths and radius of the tool demands

compensation. This is achieved by the use of offsets.
Length
offset
Tool offsets
Radius
using various methods available

offset

• The offset is denoted by Q followed by four digits. The first

two digits indicate length compensation while the next
two digits indicate radius compensation.
• For example, the radius compensation of tool 1 are stored
in switch 01 then it is specified by Q- - 01. Simultaneously
if the length compensation is in 01 switch, then is
specified by Q0101. To cancel a compensation set the
corresponding digits to zero. For example to cancel the
radius compensation, Q is specified as Q0100

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 50

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations Course : CAD/CAM

APT PROGRAMMING
using various methods available

L2

C1
C2

L1

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 51

 Topic : APT Language Course : CAD/CAM

APT Part Programming

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

• Need
• Computer aided part programming system
• APT like languages
• APT language
using various methods available

• APT command line structure

• APT geometry
• APT motion commands
• APT post processor commands
• APT Part Program

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 52

 Topic : APT Language Course : CAD/CAM

Need
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

• Complexity of the work geometry renders it difficult to manually

part program the work piece
• Accuracy and reliability of the part program.
• Most of the CNC machines are approximating the
curvilinear interpolation as piecewise linear interpolation
thus leading to a drastic influence on both code and
using various methods available

accuracy.
• Input language & Error Checking
• Writing a complicated program in G & M codes is a difficult
task
• To check the program syntactically, it will be a difficult task
for the codes are not simple English to understand.
• Part programming time
• Manually writing the part program takes a lot of time

Computer aided part programing is the solution for this situation

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 53
 Topic : APT Language Course : CAD/CAM

Computer Aided Part Programming System

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

COMPUTER SYSTEM

Part program
Translator
input

PROCESSOR
Arithmetic element
using various methods available

• The APT (Automatically Programmed Tools) (ARELEM)

language system originated at the
Servomechanism laboratory of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, as did Cutter location data

INTERFACE
the first NC machine tool in 1952. (CL Data)

• Part Program in APT language is interpreted by

computer system. For this a translator first
Post processor NC Block
translates the part program into CL data which
is then used by post processor to generate the
G-code program which is machine specific.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 54

 Topic : APT Language Course : CAD/CAM

Part Programming Systems - Classification

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

Machine tool
specific

APT like systems

EXAPT
NELAPT
UNIAPT
using various methods available

IFAPT
ADAPT GNC
ELAN
Special systems GTL
VNC
NUFORM
GENESIS
COMPACT II
TOOLPATH
TAPE-PREP
QUICK-PATH
GETURN

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 55

 Topic : APT Language Course : CAD/CAM

APT Language Line Structure

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

• The APT NC reference language consists of a specially structured set of vocabulary,

symbols, rules and conventions which are easily understood by the part
programmer and help him in faster preparation of control tapes.
• The vocabulary, which forms the mainstay of the reference language, is a carefully
selected set of mnemonics chosen for their similarity in form and meaning with
English. The max word length for any word in APT is 6 characters
• Punctuation
/ - seperator
using various methods available

= - assignment
() – for enclosing nested definitions
$ - For indicating line break
$$ -comment
• Key words
The words having reserved meanings.
Eg: LINE, CIRCLE, IN, OUT, TANTO, XLARGE, XSMALL, YLARGE, YSMALL, INTOF, PARLEL,
PERPTO
• Symbols
The word to which the variable defined is assigned.
Should start with a letter
Eg: c1 = CIRCLE/10,10,10

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 56

 Topic : APT Language Course : CAD/CAM

APT Language Structure

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

• Labels
• Numbers
• Angles (Should be specified in decimals only)
• Arithmetic
using various methods available

+ - / * ** - Operators
ABS, SQRT, SIN, COS, TAN, ATAN, ACOS, LOG, EXP - Functions

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 57

 Topic : APT Language Course : CAD/CAM

APT Commands
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

• Four different types

• Geometry Definition
• Motion Definition
• Post-Processor
• Compilation
using various methods available

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 58

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations Course : CAD/CAM

APT PROGRAMMING
using various methods available

Geometry
L2

C1
C2

L1
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 59
 Topic : APT Language Course : CAD/CAM

Geometry Definition Commands

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

• Point
• Line
• Circle
• Plane
using various methods available

• Pattern
• Vector
• Matrix

• General Format
<Symbol> = Geometry Type/ Definitional Modifiers

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 60

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations Course : CAD/CAM
using various methods available

Point Definitions

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 61

 Topic : APT Language Course : CAD/CAM

Point (POINT)
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

<symbol>=POINT/<x, y, z>
PTA = POINT/ 3,4,5
using various methods available

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 62

 Topic : APT Language Course : CAD/CAM

Point (POINT)
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

<symbol>=POINT/INTOF, <line 1>, <line 2>

PTB = POINT/ INTOF, LIN1, LIN2
using various methods available

LIN2

PTB
LIN1

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 63

 Topic : APT Language Course : CAD/CAM

Point (POINT)
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

PTC
using various methods available

PTD = POINT/ YSMALL, INTOF, LIN3, C1

PTD = POINT/ XSMALL, INTOF, LIN3, C1

LIN3
PTC = POINT/ YLARGE, INTOF, LIN3, C1 C1

PTC = POINT/ XLARGE, INTOF, LIN3, C1 PTD

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 64

 Topic : APT Language Course : CAD/CAM

Point (POINT)
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

C1
using various methods available

PTE
PTE = POINT/ YLARGE, INTOF, C1, C2

PTE = POINT/ XLARGE, INTOF, C1, C2

PTF = POINT/ YSMALL, INTOF, C1, C2

PTF C2
PTF = POINT/ XSMALL, INTOF, C1, C2

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 65

 Topic : APT Language Course : CAD/CAM

Point (POINT)
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

Y
C6
PT7 = POINT/ CENTER, C6
PT7

X
using various methods available

<symbol>=POINT/<point>, RADIUS, <radius>, ATANGL,

<angle>
PT11 = POINT/ P63, RADIUS, 7.3, ATANGL, 27

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 66

 Topic : APT Language Course : CAD/CAM

Line (LINE)
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

<symbol>=LINE/<x1>, <y1>, <z1>, <x2>, <y2>, <z2>

<symbol>=LINE/<point 1>, <point 2>
<symbol>=LINE/<point>, <x2>, <y2>, <z2>
using various methods available

L10=LINE/PT1,PT2
P2 (or)
L10 = LINE/ 20, 3.5, 0.2, 31, 6.2, 1.3
(or)
L10= LINE/ PT1, 31, 6.2, 1.3
P1

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 67

 Topic : APT Language Course : CAD/CAM

Line (LINE)
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

LINE2

P1

LIN = LINE/ <point>, ATANGL, <angle (in degrees)>, <line> 30°

LINE1
Y
using various methods available

L14
L12 = LINE/ PT4, ATANGL, 20, XAXIS PT3
40° L12
L14 = LINE/ PT1, ATANGL, 40 PT1
L16
L15 = LINE/ 32, -3, 2, ATANGL, -15, XAXIS
PT4
L16 = LINE/ PT3, ATANGL, 40, YAXIS
LINE2 = LINE/ P1, ATANGL, 30, LINE1
40° 20°
X
15°
L15
(32, -3, 2)
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 68
 Topic : APT Language Course : CAD/CAM

Line (LINE)
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

where the slope value is y/x and d is the corresponding intercept value on the
selected axis (i.e., modifier).
using various methods available

LINE1

LINE1 = LINE/ SLOPE, 1, INTERC, XAXIS, 6

X
(6,0) Point of X-Intercept

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 69

 Topic : APT Language Course : CAD/CAM

Line (LINE)
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

•
using various methods available

LINE1

LINE1 = LINE/ ATANGL, 30, INTERC, XAXIS ,d

θ = 30°
X
d

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 70

 Topic : APT Language Course : CAD/CAM

Line (LINE)
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

The LEFT & RIGHT modifier indicates whether the

line is at the left or right tangent point, depending on
how one looks at the circle from the point.
using various methods available

L2 = LINE/ PT51, RIGHT, TANTO, C11

L1 = LINE/ PT40, RIGHT, TANTO, C11
L4 = LINE/ PT40, LEFT, TANTO, C11

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 71

 Topic : APT Language Course : CAD/CAM

Line (LINE)
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations
using various methods available

L7 = LINE/ LEFT, TANTO, C3, RIGHT, TANTO, C4

(or)
L7 = LINE/ LEFT, TANTO, C4, RIGHT, TANTO, C3

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 72

 Topic : APT Language Course : CAD/CAM

Line (LINE)
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations
using various methods available

LN3 = LINE/ PNT6, PARLEL, LN15

LN4 = LINE/ PNT5, PERPTO, LN13

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 73

 Topic : APT Language Course : CAD/CAM

Line (LINE)
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

LN5 = LINE/ INTOF, PLAN1, PLAN2

using various methods available

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 74

 Topic : APT Language Course : CAD/CAM

Circle (CIRCLE)
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

<symbol>=CIRCLE/<x>,<y>,<z>,<r>
<symbol>=CIRCLE/CENTER, <point>, RADIUS, <radius>
<symbol>=CIRCLE/CENTER, <point1>, <point2>
using various methods available

C1 = CIRCLE/ 3, 6, 5, 4.3
C1 = CIRCLE/ CENTER, PT3, RADIUS, 4.3
C7=CIRCLE/CENTER, PT8, PT5
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 75
 Topic : APT Language Course : CAD/CAM

Circle (CIRCLE)
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

<symbol> = CIRCLE/ CENTER, <point>, TANTO, <line>

C3 = CIRCLE/ CENTER, PT6,TANTO, LN4
using various methods available

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 76

 Topic : APT Language Course : CAD/CAM

Circle (CIRCLE)
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations
using various methods available

C3 = CIRCLE/ YLARGE, LN6, XLARGE, LN4, RADIUS, 2.0

C3 = CIRCLE/ XLARGE, LN6, YSMALL, LN4, RADIUS, 2.0

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 77

 Course : CAD/CAM

CIRCLE
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations
using various methods available

C7A = CIRCLE/ YLARGE, OUT, CIR1, IN, CIR2, RADIUS, 10

C7B = CIRCLE/ YLARGE, IN, CIR1, IN, CIR2, RADIUS, 10
C7C = CIRCLE/ YLARGE, OUT, CIR1, OUT, CIR2, RADIUS, 10
C7D = CIRCLE/ YLARGE, IN, CIR1, OUT, CIR2, RADIUS, 10
C7E = CIRCLE/ YSMALL, IN, CIR1, IN, CIR2, RADIUS, 10
C7F = CIRCLE/ YSMALL, OUT, CIR1, IN, CIR2, RADIUS, 10
C7G = CIRCLE/ YSMALL, IN, CIR1, OUT, CIR2, RADIUS, 10
C7H = CIRCLE/ YSMALL, OUT, CIR1, OUT, CIR2, RADIUS, 10

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 78

 Course : CAD/CAM

CIRCLE
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations
using various methods available

C8A = CIRCLE/ YLARGE, LN1, XLARGE, OUT, CIR3, RADIUS, 10

C8B = CIRCLE/ YSMALL, LN1, XLARGE, OUT, CIR3, RADIUS, 10
C8C = CIRCLE/ YLARGE, LN1, XLARGE, IN, CIR3, RADIUS, 10
C8D = CIRCLE/ YSMALL, LN1, XLARGE, IN, CIR3, RADIUS, 10
C8E = CIRCLE/ YLARGE, LN1, XSMALL, IN, CIR3, RADIUS, 10
C8F = CIRCLE/ YSMALL, LN1, XSMALL, IN, CIR3, RADIUS, 10
C8H = CIRCLE/ YLARGE, LN1, XSMALL, OUT, CIR3, RADIUS, 10
C8G = CIRCLE/ YSMALL, LN1, XSMALL, OUT, CIR3, RADIUS, 10

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 79

 Topic : APT Language Course : CAD/CAM

Plane (PLANE)
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

•
using various methods available

PLAN10 = PLANE/ PT6, PT12, PT15

PLAN14 = PLANE/ PARLEL, PLAN10, YSMALL, 3.0
PLAN14 = PLANE/PT4, PARLEL, PLAN10
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 80
 Topic : APT Language Course : CAD/CAM

PATTERN
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

•
For pattern angle of 360ꞏ
using various methods available

PAT1 = PATERN/ LINEAR, PT1, PT2, 7

PAT3 = PATERN/ ARC, CIR1, 40, CCLW, 6
PAT2 = PATERN/ LINEAR, PT3, V2, 6
PAT4 = PATERN/ ARC, CIR2, 29, -130, CCLW, 9
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 81
 Topic : APT Language Course : CAD/CAM

Example 1
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

PARTNO/ EXAMPLE 1
P2 = POINT/ 0, 0
L1 = LINE/ 20, 20, 20, (20 + 80)
L2 = LINE/ (POINT/ 20, (20 + 80)), ATANGL, 45
P1 = POINT/ (20 + 30 + 40 + 20), 20
C2 = CIRCLE/ CENTER, P1, RADIUS, 20
using various methods available

L4 = LINE/ P1, PERPTO, (LINE/ XAXIS)

C1 = CIRCLE/ (20 + 30 + 40), (20 + 80 + 30 – 20), 20
L3 = LINE/(POINT/(20 + 30),(20 + 80 + 30)),PARLEL,(LINE/XAXIS)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 82

 Topic : APT Language Course : CAD/CAM

Example 2
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations
using various methods available

PARTNO/ EXAMPLE 2
L4 = LINE / XAXIS
C1 = CIRCLE/ 24, 20, 12.5
L1 = LINE/ (POINT/ 0,0), ATANGL, 15
L2 = LINE/ PARLEL, L4, YLARGE, 32
L7 = LINE/ YAXIS
L5 = LINE/ PARLEL, L7, XLARGE, (24 – 12.5)
L6 = LINE/ PARLEL, L5, XLARGE, (12.5 + 12.5)
L3 = LINE/ PARLEL, L7, XLARGE, 100
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 83
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations Course : CAD/CAM

L
2
C

APT
C
1 2
using various methods available

L
1

PROGRAMMING
Motion Commands

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 84

 Course : CAD/CAM

Motion Commands
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

Start Point
In general, the position of the tool at the end of a motion is treated as the starting point
for the subsequent motion.
But to set the start point of tool path for a new program will be specified by using the
command FROM.
The format is
using various methods available

FROM/ point
FROM/ x1, y1
FROM/ x1, y1, z1
When no Z value is specified, it is derived from the current ZSURF in force.

Cutter
Cutter specification is given by using this command
CUTTER/ dia
CUTTER/ dia, radius
CUTTER/ dia, radius, e, f, …, h

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 85

 Course : CAD/CAM

SURFACES
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

• Tool motion is specified using three surfaces

• Part surface
• Drive surface
• Check surface
• Part surface is the one which is in continual contact with the tool tip and
helps in the control of depth of cut.
using various methods available

• Drive surface is the other surface with

which the cutting tool is in continual
contact during a given motion.
The tool periphery or tool axis follows the
drive surface.
This is the surface, which should always
be explicitly mentioned in any continuous
path motion command.
• Check surface is the one which limits the
given motion statement.
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 86
 Course : CAD/CAM

Tolerances
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

• The curved interpolations are generated as a series of linear interpolations on

most of the CNC machines
• Tolerances are thus to be specified. The syntax is
• INTOL/ dsval, psval, cs1val, cs2val
• OUTTOL/ dsval, psval, cs1val, cs2val
• TOLER/ dsval, psval, cs1val, cs2val
using various methods available

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 87

 Course : CAD/CAM

Point to Point Motion Commands

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

GODLTA This statement specifies the

relative movement along the axes specified.
GODLTA/ dx, dy, dz
GODLTA/ dz
using various methods available

GODLTA/ vector

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 88

 Course : CAD/CAM

Point to Point Motion Commands

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

GOTO This is an absolute movement statement. It is used to move the

spindle from the current position to the point specified in the statement.
The general format is
GOTO/ x, y When no Z-value is specified, it is taken from
ZSURF in force
GOTO/ x, y, z
GOTO/ point
using various methods available

GOTO/ pattern
Pattern modifiers such as INVERS, OMIT, RETAIN, AVOID, THRU and CONST can be used
with this command.
INVERS reverses the order in which the tool visits the locations
OMIT tool will not visit the specified points
RETAIN tool will visit only the specified points

Example
GOTO/ patern, INVERS, OMIT, 9, THRU, 4
Where patern is the defines the pattern of holes shown

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 89

 Course : CAD/CAM

TO, PAST, ON keywords

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations
using various methods available

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 90

 Course : CAD/CAM

Continuous Motion Command

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

Part surface can be defined explicitly by the commands

PSIS/ ps Part surface is
AUTOPS Automatic part surface (current Z level)
NOPS No part surface

GO Command The general syntax is

using various methods available

GO/, ds, , ps, , cs

Where ds, ps and cs are drive, part and check surfaces respectively
• If no modifier is specified, TO is assumed.
GO/TO, DSURF, TO, PSURF, TO,CSURF

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 91

 Course : CAD/CAM

Continuous Motion Commands

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

Below are the action verbs that are used to specify the motion
• GOLFT/ ds, TO, cs Contour motion command to go left
• GORGT/ ds, TO, cs Contour motion command to go right
• GOFWD/ ds, TO, cs Contour motion command to go
forward
• GOBACK/ ds, TO, cs Contour motion command to go back
• GOUP/ ds, TO, cs Contour motion command to go up
using various methods available

• GODOWN/ ds, TO, cs Contour motion command to go down

Note that in the above verbs, instead of TO, we can also use ON, PAST and
TANTO

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 92

 Course : CAD/CAM

Continuous Motion Commands

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations
using various methods available

FROM/ SETPT
GO/ L1, PS, L4
GOLFT/ L1, PAST, L2
GORGT/ L2, PAST, L3
GORGT/ L3, PAST, L4
GORGT/ L4, PAST, L1
GOTO/SETPT

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 93

 Course : CAD/CAM

Example 1
PARTNO/ EXAMPLE 1
P2 = POINT/ 0, 0
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

L1 = LINE/ 20, 20, 20, (20 + 80)

L2 = LINE/ (POINT/ 20, (20 + 80)), ATANGL, 45
P1 = POINT/ (20 + 30 + 40 + 20), 20
C2 = CIRCLE/ CENTER, P1, RADIUS, 20
L4 = LINE/ P1, PERPTO, (LINE/ XAXIS)
C1 = CIRCLE/ (20 + 30 + 40), (20 + 80 + 30 – 20), 20
L3 = LINE/(POINT/(20 + 30),(20 + 80 + 30)),PARLEL,(LINE/XAXIS)
FROM/ 0, 0, 50
using various methods available

CUTTER/ 20
TOLER/ 0.01
GO/L1, (PL1 = PLANE/ 0, 0, 1, 3), L5
AUTOPS
GODLTA/ -8
GOLFT/ L1, PAST, L2
GORGT/ L2, PAST, L3
GORGT/ L3, TANTO, C1
GOFWD/ C1, TANTO, L4
GOFWD/ L4, PAST, 1, INTOF, C2
GORGT/ C2, PAST, L5
GORGT/ L5, PAST, L1
GODLTA/ 8
GOTO/ 0, 0, 50

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 94

 Course : CAD/CAM
PARTNO/ EXAMPLE 2
L4 = LINE / XAXIS EXAMPLE 2
CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

C1 = CIRCLE/ 24, 20, 12.5

L1 = LINE/ (POINT/ 0,0), ATANGL, 15
L2 = LINE/ PARLEL, L4, YLARGE, 32
L7 = LINE/ YAXIS
L5 = LINE/ PARLEL, L7, XLARGE, (24 – 12.5)
L6 = LINE/ PARLEL, L5, XLARGE, (12.5 + 12.5)
L3 = LINE/ PARLEL, L7, XLARGE, 100
FROM/ -50, -50, 50
CUTTER/ 25
using various methods available

INTOL/ 0.01
GO/L4, (PL1 = PLANE/ 0, 0, 1, 2), L1
AUTOPS
GODLTA/ -7.5
GORGT/ L4, PAST, L3
GOLFT/ L3
GOLFT/ L2
GOLFT/ L8
GORGT/ L1
GORGT/ L6, TANTO, C1
GOFWD/ C1, TANTO, L5
GOFWD/ L5
GORGT/ L1, PAST, L7
GODLTA/ 7.5
GOTO/ -50, -50, 50
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 95
 Topic : APT Language Course : CAD/CAM

Post Processor Commands

CO3: Develop a programming for NC operations

Z is the depth to which cycle must be executed

using various methods available

IPM – Inch per minute

MMPM – mm per minute
IPR – Inch per revolution
MMPR – mm per revolution

SFM - Surface feet per min

RPM – Revolutions per min
SMM – Surface meters per min
CLW – Clockwise
CCLW – Counter Clockwise

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SLIDE No: 96