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Pump DJJ52012

Plant technology

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Rugen thiren
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11 views26 pages

Pump DJJ52012

Plant technology

Uploaded by

Rugen thiren
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PUMPS

Pump
A pump is a device used to move fluids,
such as liquids, gases or slurries. It
increases the mechanical energy of the
fluid. The additional energy can be used to
increase -

Velocity (flow rate)


Pressure
Elevation
Pump Classification
Pumps

Positive
Dynamic
Displacement

Rotary Reciprocating Centrifugal Axial

Singl
Multiple Diaphrag
e Piston, Plunger
rotor m
rotor
Positive Displacement
Pump
Positive Displacement pumps apply pressure
directly to the liquid by a reciprocating
piston, or by rotating members.
Uses:
1.can handle shear sensitive liquid.
2.Use for high pressure application
3.Use for variable viscosity applications.
Types-
 Reciprocating pump
 Rotary pump
Reciprocating Pump
In Reciprocating pumps, the chamber is a
stationary cylinder that contains a piston
or plunger.
Types-
 Piston Pump
 Plunger Pump
 Diaphragm Pump
Piston Pump
D USE=
1.transmission of
fluids or gases under
pressure.
A
2.Power consumption
is low.

C 3.Ensure maximum
B
safety.

Piston Pump (double acting)


Plunger pump
1.Have high efficiency.

2.Capable of
developing very high
pressures.

3.Low and easy


maintenance

Plunger pump (single acting)


Pump
1.flexible diaphragm is
used
(rubber, thermo-
plastic, metal).

2. Can be used to make


artificial hearts.

3. Can handle highly


viscous liquids.

4.Can handle toxic or


corrosive liquids.

5. 97% efficient.

Diaphragm Pump (single acting)


Rotary Pump
In Rotary pumps, the chamber moves from inlet to
discharge and back to the inlet. A wide variety of
rotary pumps are available like
gear pumps, lobe pumps, screw pumps, cam
pumps, vane pumps.

 Most popular: gear pumps


 Relatively constant output

Types-
 Single Rotor
 Multiple Rotor
Gear Pump
Delivery
Drive Gear
Driven Gear

Inlet Cam
Screw Pump

Single Screw Rotor

Elastomer Stator Universal Coupling


Lobe Pump
Dynamic Pump
 Centrifugal Pumps
This pumps generate high rotational velocities, then
convert the resulting kinetic energy of the liquid
to pressure energy.
2 parts: It contains impeller and casing.

Use:
1.Centrifugal pumps are generally used where high
flow rates and moderate head increases are
required.
2.Can handle fluids containing
suspended solids
Centrifugal Pumps
How do they work?
• Liquid forced into
impeller
• Vanes pass kinetic
energy to liquid: liquid
rotates and leaves
impeller
• Volute casing converts
kinetic energy into
pressure energy

14
Centrifugal Pump

Volute
Diffuser
Centrifugal Pump

Open Semi-Open Closed


Vane
s
Impellers
Positive Displacement
Characteristic
Total
Head
Hm

Theoretical
Actual

Flow Q m3/h
Centrifugal Pump
Characteristic
Total
Theoretical
Head
Hm
Actual Discharge Characteristic

Flow Q m3/h
Pump Head
Head: The term head is used to measure the kinetic
energy created by the pump.

.Different Types of Pump Head


 Total Static Head - Total head when the pump is
not running
 Total Dynamic Head (Total System Head) -
Total head when the pump is running
 Static Suction Head - Head on the suction side,
with pump off, if the head is higher than the pump
impeller
 Static Suction Lift - Head on the suction side,
with pump off, if the head is lower than the pump
impeller
 Static Discharge Head - Head on discharge side
of pump with the pump off
 Dynamic Suction Head/Lift - Head on suction
side of pump with pump on
 Dynamic Discharge Head - Head on discharge
side of pump with pump on
Pump Head

Total Static
Head Delivery
Head

+ve

Static -ve
Suction
Head
Suction Head
Pumps do not SUCK.

It is not possible to PULL a fluid

A pump simply lowers the pressure at its


inlet and the fluid is pushed in
Suction Head

Static
Head
Providing the Static Head is less
Ambient than the Ambient Pressure Head
Pressure then the pump can (theoretically)
lower the pressure sufficiently for
the fluid to enter

Pressure Head at pump = Ambient Pressure Head ± Static Head

The Static Head is Positive if the level of the fluid is above the pump
Suction Head

Static Friction Head


Head
When the fluid is in motion
Ambient further losses occur due to
Pressure friction, obstructions, in the
pipeline and fittings

Pressure Head at pump =


Ambient Pressure Head ± Static Head – Friction Head
Net Positive Suction Head
The pump has a NPSH requirement in order to
prevent cavitation damage occurring and
causing severe damage.

The NPSH increases with flow due to pump


internal losses - friction, impeller losses etc.
Net Positive Suction Head
The requirement is that:

NPSHA  NPSH
Otherwise (if NPSHA < NPSHpump), the pressure at
the pump inlet will drop to that of the vapor
pressure of the fluid being moved and the fluid will
boil.
The resulting gas bubbles will collapse inside the
pump as the pressure rises again. These
implosions occur at the impeller and can lead to
pump damage and Cavitation
decreased efficiency.
THANK YOU

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