IQRA

Read In The Name Of Thy Lord

Dr. Muhammad Rehan

Assistant Professor
Muhammad Ali Jinnah University
Karachi
‫ِإ ّنا َأو َحينا ِإ َلي َك َكما َأو َحينا ِإل ٰى نو ٍح‬
‫َبع ِد ِه‬have
We ‫ ِمن‬indeed
‫َوال َّن ِب ّيي َن‬revealed to you as We
revealed to Noah and the prophets after
him (04:163)
 ‫‪SOME POPULAR‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪NAMES OF‬‬
‫‪ QURAN‬ا ٗل ُق ٗر آ ٗن‬
‫ا ٗل ُف ٗر َقان‬
‫ا ٗل ِّذ َکر‬
‫ا ٗل ِک َتاب‬
‫ا ٗل ُہد ٰی‬
‫ا ٗل ُن ٗور‬
‫ا ٗل َح ّق‬

‫ق ۚ َوال ُقرآ ِن ال َمجي ِد‬

‫آ ٗل ِّش َفاء‬
‫ا ٗل َت ٗن ِزیل‬
 ‫اق َر أ ِباس ِم َر ِّب َك‬
‫ِإنسا َن ِمن َع‬ ‫َّلذي َق َخال َل َق‬‫ا َخ َل‬
‫اق َر أ َو َر ُّب َك‬
‫الا َّلذي َع َّل َم‬
‫ُم‬ ‫َر‬ ‫ك‬ ‫َأ‬
‫ِإنسا َن ما َلم‬ ‫َع َّل َمِبالالَق َل ِم‬
‫َيع َلم‬
1. Read! In the Name of your Lord, Who has
created (all that exists),
2. Has created man from a clot (a piece of thick
coagulated blood).
3. Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous,
4. Who has taught (the writing) by the pen [the
first person to write was Prophet Idrees (Enoch)],
5. Has taught man that which he knew not.
 ‫َع ْن َعا ِئ َش َة ُأ ِّم ا ْل ُم ْؤ ِم ِني َن ـ رضى الله عنها ـ َأ َّن ا ْل َحا ِر َث ْب َن ِه َشا ٍم ـ رضى الله عنه ـ َس َأ َل‬
‫َر ُسو َل ال َّل ِه صلى الله عليه وسلم َف َقا َل َيا َر ُسو َل ال َّل ِه َك ْي َف َي ْأ ِتي َك ا ْل َو ْح ُى َف َقا َل َر ُسو ُل ال َّل ِه‬
‫صلى الله عليه وسلم‬
‫َأ ْح َيا ًنا َي ْأ ِتي ِني ِم ْث َل َص ْل َص َل ِة ا ْل َج َر ِس ـ َو ُه َو َأ َش ُّد ُه َع َل َّى ـ َف ُي ْف َص ُم َع ِّني"‬
‫َو َق ْد َو َع ْي ُت َع ْن ُه َما َقا َل‪َ ،‬و َأ ْح َيا ًنا َي َت َم َّث ُل ِل َي ا ْل َم َل ُك َر ُجل ًا َف ُي َك ِّل ُم ِني َف َأ ِعي‬
‫َما َي ُقو ُل‬
‫َقا َل ْت َعا ِئ َش ُة رضى الله عنها َو َل َق ْد َر َأ ْي ُت ُه َي ْن ِز ُل َع َل ْي ِه ا ْل َو ْح ُى ِفي ا ْل َي ْو ِم ال َّش ِدي ِد ا ْل َب ْر ِد‪،‬‬
‫َف َي ْف ِص ُم َع ْن ُه َو ِإ َّن َج ِبي َن ُه َل َي َت َف َّص ُد َع َر ًقا‪.‬‬
(the mother of the faithful believers) Al-Harith bin
Hisham asked Allah's Messenger (‫" )ﷺ‬O Allah's
Messenger (‫ !)ﷺ‬How is the Divine Inspiration
revealed to you?" Allah's Messenger (‫ )ﷺ‬replied,
"Sometimes it is (revealed) like the ringing of a bell,
this form of Inspiration is the hardest of all and then
this state passes off after I have grasped what is
inspired. Sometimes the Angel comes in the form of
a man and talks to me and I grasp whatever he
says." 'Aisha added: Verily I saw the Prophet (‫)ﷺ‬
being inspired divinely on a very cold day and
noticed the sweat dropping from his forehead (as
the Inspiration was over).
‫َوما كا َن ِل َب َش ٍر َأن ُي َك ِّل َم ُه ال َّل ُه ِإ ّلا َوح ًيا َأو ِمن‬
‫َورا ِء ِحجا ٍب َأو ُير ِس َل َرسو ًلا َفيو ِح َي ِب ِإذ ِن ِه ما‬
‫ ٌم‬him
It is not [possible] ‫َّن‬
‫َحكي‬except‫ِل ٌّي‬through
‫ ِإ ُه َع‬forrevelation
ۚ ‫ ُء‬any
‫َيشا‬human that Allah should speak to
1
or from behind a curtain, or
2

send a messenger3 who reveals by His permission whatever

He wishes indeed He is all-exalted, all-wise. (42:51)
 REVELATION AND ITS
TYPES
Allah is Most High, Most Wise: man is, in spite of his high
destiny, often the lowest of the low (95:5). Yet Allah, out of His
infinite Mercy and Grace, has bestowed His revelation on man.
How does it come about? Three ways are mentioned: -
• Wahyun, Inspiration;
• from behind a veil; and
• by the sending of a Messenger:
Wahyun. Inspiration, is interpreted to be of two kinds:
1. a suggestion thrown by Allah into the heart or mind of man,
by which man understands the substance of the Message,
whether it is a command or prohibition, or an explanation of
a great truth; and
2. verbal or literal inspiration, by which the actual words of
Allah are conveyed in human language. (R).
 REVELATION AND ITS
TYPES
Behind a veil: not of course a material veil, but
the veil of Light. (R). Muslim relates a tradition
that the Prophet said: "His veil is Light: were He
to withdraw it, then would the august splendours
of His countenance surely consume everything
that comes within His Sight." (R).
Messenger: Rasul: the angel Gabriel, through
whom the revelations were given to the Holy
Prophet. These spiritual visions, conveying the
message of Revelation, are the basis of the
 I’jaz Al-Quran

‫ٰذ ِل َك ال ِكتا ُب لا َري َب ۛ في ِه‬

This is the Book,1 there is no doubt in
it
The i’jaz al-Quran is the basic miracle of Islam. It is
upon the Quran that the whole structure of Islam is
erected – its laws, its ethics, its personal codes, its
philosophy and its wisdom. For this superstructure,
it is vital that the foundation be perfect in strength
and capacity.
Indeed, We have sent down the ‫ا‬ ‫ّن‬ ‫ِإ‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َر‬ ‫ِّذك‬ ‫ال‬ ‫َنا‬ ‫َّزل‬ ‫َن‬ ‫ُن‬ ‫َنح‬ ‫ا‬‫ّن‬ ‫ِإ‬
‫َن‬ ‫ظو‬
Reminder, and indeed We will preserve it.
1
‫ِف‬ ‫َلحا‬ ‫ُه‬ ‫َل‬
(15:09)

The purity of the text of the Quran through fourteen

centuries is a foretaste of the eternal care with which
Allah's Truth is guarded through all ages.
All corruptions, inventions, and accretions pass away, but
Allah's pure and holy Truth will never suffer eclipse even
though the whole world mocked at it and were bent on
destroying it.
A Revelation From Allah and a
Miracle
‫َو ِإَّنُه َلَتنزيُل َر ِّب َنَز َل ِبِه‬
‫ّر وُح‬Ruh
Which the
‫[ ال‬Jibrael ‫ميَن‬ ‫َل‬
And truly, this (the
a revelation from the ‫العا‬
Qur’an) is
Lord of
‫َأل‬
trustworthy

‫ا ميُن‬
(Gabriel)] has brought the ‘Alamin (mankind, jinns
down;(26:193) and all that exists), (26:192)
The Word of Allah and a Miracle

‫ٍن َر ِبٍّي‬ ‫َع‬ ‫سا‬‫ِل‬‫ِب‬ ‫َك‬ ‫ِب‬‫ل‬ ‫َق‬ ‫َعلٰى‬

‫ِم‬ (O ‫ِلَتكو‬
‫ٍن‬ ‫بي‬
In the plain ‫ُم‬
Arabic ‫َن‬
Upon your heart
Muhammad)
‫َن‬
that you may be
‫الُم نِذريَن‬
language.
(26:195)
(one) of the warners, (26:194)
THE TAHADDI (CHALLENGE) VERSES IN THE QURAN

And if you are in doubt concerning what ‫َو ِإن ُكن ُتم في َري ٍب ِم ّما َن َّزلنا‬
We have sent down to Our servant, then
bring a sūrah like it, and invoke your ‫َعل ٰى َعب ِدنا َف أتوا ِبسو َر ٍة ِمن‬
helpers besides Allah, should you be
truthful. (02:23) ‫ِمث ِل ِه َوادعوا ُش َهدا َء ُكم ِمن‬
‫دو ِن ال َّل ِه ِإن ُكن ُتم صا ِدقي َن‬
C.F: 10:38

11:13
 The Word of Allah and a
Miracle
‫ِإل ُس‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ِت‬ ‫َع‬ ‫َم‬‫َت‬ ‫اج‬ ‫ِئ‬ ‫َل‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ُق‬
‫َأ‬ ‫ِن‬
‫َو الِج ُّن َعلٰى ن َيأتوا ِبِم ثِل‬
‫ِه‬‫ِل‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ِم‬ ‫َن‬ ‫أتو‬ ‫َي‬ ‫ال‬
‫ ِب‬and the jinns were together
Say: “If the mankind
‫رآ‬ ‫ُق‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ا‬
‫ ِن‬to produce the like‫َذ‬ ‫ٰه‬of
this Qur’an, they could not produce the like thereof, even if‫َل‬
‫ٍض‬
one another.” ‫ع‬ ‫َب‬‫ِل‬
(17:88)
‫م‬ ‫ُه‬ ‫ُض‬ ‫ع‬ ‫َب‬ ‫َن‬ ‫كا‬ ‫و‬ they helped
‫َو‬
‫َظهيًر ا‬
Various allegations brought against the Quran by its foes all proved false and
incapable of proof. For example, the Quran was charged with:

Being magic [s. 28 v. 36]

‫َف َل ّما جا َء ُهم موس ٰى ِب آيا ِتنا َب ِّينا ٍت قالوا ما ٰهذا ِإ ّلا ِسح ٌر ُمف َت ًرى َوما َس ِمعنا‬
‫ َأ َّولي‬old
‫َن‬Being ‫ِب ٰهذا في آبا ِئ‬
‫َنا ال‬stories [s. 8 v. 31]

‫َو ِإذا ُتتل ٰى َع َلي ِهم آيا ُتنا قالوا َقد َس ِمعنا َلو َنشا ُء َل ُقلنا ِمث َل ٰهذا ۙ ِإن ٰهذا ِإ ّلا‬
‫َأساطي ُر ال َأ َّولي َن‬
 ‫]‪Being the product of an insane mind [s. 15 v. 6‬‬

‫َوقالوا يا َأ ُّي َها ا َّلذي ُن ِّز َل َع َلي ِه ال ِّذك ُر ِإ َّن َك َل َمجنو ٌن‬
‫]‪Being falsehood manufactured with external help [s. 25 v. 4‬‬

‫َوقا َل ا َّلذي َن َك َفروا ِإن ٰهذا ِإ ّلا ِإف ٌك اف َترا ُه َو َأعا َن ُه َع َلي ِه َقو ٌم آ َخرو َن‬
‫]‪Being fables of old dictated by others and complied later [s. 25 v. 5‬‬

‫َوقالوا َأساطي ُر ال َأ َّولي َن اك َت َت َبها َف ِه َي ُتمل ٰى َع َلي ِه ُبك َر ًة َو َأصي ًل‬

Knowledge of Previous Peoples
1. The Quran reports about past communities such as the tribes of
‘Aad and Thamud’ which are not referred to in the Torah or the
Bible.
Prediction of Future Events
2. The Quran tells of future events such as the conquest of Mecca by
the Muslims (Surah: 48) which were fulfilled in the lifetime of those
who were thus promised.
 The Quran claims to be ‘the best of speeches’
[ahsan al’hadith s. 39 v. 23] that is incomparable
in its linguistic excellence and the effects it has on
its audience whose ‘flesh creeps with fear of their
Lord and their flesh and hearts soften to Allah’s
warning’ [s. 39 v. 23]. Nothing of such extreme
emotion is roused even by the best poetry.
‫‪The Most Beautiful Message in the Form of a‬‬
‫‪Book‬‬

‫ال َّل ُه َن َّز َل َأح َس َن ال َحدي ِث ِكتا ًبا ُم َتشا ِب ًها َمثا ِن َي‬
‫َتق َش ِع ُّر ِمن ُه ُجلو ُد ا َّلذي َن َيخ َشو َن َر َّب ُهم ُث َّم َتلي ُن‬
‫ُجلو ُد ُهم َو ُقلو ُب ُهم ِإل ٰى ِذك ِر ال َّل ِه ۚ ٰذ ِل َك ُه َدى ال َّل ِه‬
‫َيهدي ِب ِه َمن َيشا ُء ۚ َو َمن ُيض ِل ِل ال َّل ُه َفما َل ُه ِمن ها ٍد‬