Fu n d a m en ta

ls
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the session, the students should be able
to:
∙ Define internet
∙ Explain the uses of internet
∙ Discuss the different services of internet
∙ Identify the role of computers in the different fields
of the society.
DEFINITION
What is Internet?
▪ It is a global wide area network that connects
computer systems across the world.
▪ It is a "network of networks" that consists of
private and public, academic, business, and
government networks of local to global scope that
are linked by copper wires, fiber-optic cables,
wireless connections, and other technologies.
▪ It is a world-wide computer network.
▪ It is also known as:
“cyberspace”, “information superhighway”, “the Net”
Internet
Brief History of Internet
• The internet was the work of dozens of pioneering
scientists, programmers and engineers who each
developed new features and technologies that
eventually merged to become the “information
superhighway” we know today.
Internet in the 1960’s
• The first practical schematics for the internet would
not arrive until the early 1960s, when MIT’s J.C.R.
Licklider popularized the idea of an “Intergalactic
Network” of computers. Shortly thereafter,
computer scientists developed the concept of
“packet switching,” a method for effectively
transmitting electronic data that would later become
one of the major building blocks of the internet.
• The first workable prototype of the Internet came
in the late 1960s with the creation of ARPANET, or
the Advanced Research Projects Agency
Network. Originally funded by the U.S.
Department of Defense, ARPANET used packet
switching to allow multiple computers to
communicate on a single network.
• On October 29, 1969, ARPAnet delivered its first message: a
“node-to-node” communication from one computer to another.
The first message was sent over the ARPANET in 1969 from
computer science Professor Leonard Kleinrock's laboratory
at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to the
second network node at Stanford Research Institute (SRI).
The message—“LOGIN”—was short and simple, but it crashed
the fledgling ARPA network anyway: The Stanford computer
only received the note’s first two letters.
Internet in the 1970’s
• The technology continued to grow in the 1970s
after scientists Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf
developed Transmission Control Protocol and
Internet Protocol, or TCP/IP, a communications
model that set standards for how data could be
transmitted between multiple networks.
Internet in the 1980’s
• ARPANET adopted TCP/IP on January 1, 1983, and
from there researchers began to assemble the
“network of networks” that became the modern
Internet and all hosts on the ARPANET were
switched over from the older protocols to TCP/IP.
Internet in the 1990’s
• The online world then took on a more recognizable
form in 1990, when computer scientist Tim Berners-
Lee invented the World Wide Web.
• The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and
Numbers (ICANN) is the authority that coordinates
the assignment of unique identifiers on the Internet,
including domain names, Internet Protocol (IP)
addresses, and protocol port and parameter numbers.
PARTS OF INTERNET
1. URL
2. Domain
3. Web Browser
4. Address Bar
5. Search Engine
6. Hyperlink
7. WWW
 URL
• Uniform Resource Locator (URL) it is the global
address of documents and other resources on
the world wide web.
• The first part of the URL is called a protocol
identifier and it indicates what protocol to use, and
the second part is called a resource name and it
specifies the IP address or the domain name where
the resource is located. The protocol identifier and
the resource name are separated by a colon and
two forward slashes.
• Every web page on the Internet has its own address
called the Uniform Resource Locator or URL.
For example, the URL of the Cagayan State
University web site is http://csu.edu.ph
• If you type an address in the address bar and then
press ENTER, you will be taken to the web page that
U
has that address.
RL
Domain
Domain names are used to identify one or more IP
addresses. For example, the domain
name microsoft.com represents about a dozen IP
addresses. Domain names are used in URLs to
identify particular web pages.
For example, in the URL
http://www.Pcwebopedia.Com/index.html,
the domain name is pcwebopedia.com.

16
Below are the domains that have been used for the
past several years and are generally accepted by all.

.edu educational site

.com commercial/business site
.gov government site
.mil military site
.net network, Internet Services Provider,
organization site
.org nonprofit organization site
Countries have their own-letter codes that are placed
at the end of domain names. Here are some
examples.
.ph Philippines
.jp Japan
.uk United Kingdom
.nl Netherland
.ca Canada
.fr France
Address Bar
• One of the most important parts of your browser is
the address bar.
• This is what it look like: Address
Bar
 Reading Web Pages
Look at the sample URL below.

http://www.sjcqc.edu.ph/computer/lesson1
hypertext transfer protocol; refers to the format
http used to transfer and deal with information
www World Wide Web
sjcqc Second-level domain name; usually tells the
server’s location, which is in this case St.
Joseph’s College of Quezon City
edu top-level domain name
ph country code for the Philippines
comput directory name
er
lesson1 filename
Search Engine
• Search engines are programs that search
documents for specified keywords and returns a list
of the documents where the keywords were found.
A search engine is really a general class of
programs, however, the term is often used to
specifically describe systems like Google, Bing and
Yahoo! Search that enable users to search for
documents on the world wide web.

21
Top Ten Search Engine
1.Google 1.Ask.com
2.Microsoft Bing 2.DuckDuckGo

3.Baidu 3.Naver

4.Yahoo 4.AOL (America Online)

5.Seznam
5.Yandex
Hyperlinks
• The pages on the world wide web are all linked so
you can move or jump from page to page. The
pages are connected by hyperlinks. Hyperlinks are
texts or images that move you to other web pages
when you click on them.
• A text hyperlink is usually in blue and is underlined.
If you move your mouse over a hyperlink, the cursor
into a hand with a pointing finger. If you click on
hyperlink you will go to a different page.

24