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Unit I

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36 views28 pages

Unit I

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christine Ramos
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UNIT I.

THE IMPORTANCE,
MEANING, AND
ASSUMPTIONS OF ART

JAMES ERWIN D. CALMA, PhD


LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of the unit, I am able to:


• 1. understand and realize the importance of arts in
daily life
• 2. explain the meaning of arts and the different
assumptions on arts
• 3. differentiate the philosophical perspectives of arts
• 4. explain the nature and the various functions of arts
• 5. identify the different classification of arts
THE IMPORTANCE OF ART
MEANING OF ART

The word art also rooted in the 13thcentury French


word art, which means “skill as a result of learning
or practice,” and the Latin word ars, meaning
“ability or practical skills”. In Medieval Latin, ars
meant “any special form of book learning such as
grammar, logic, or astronomy (Collingwood, 1983).
• Because of the prominence of aesthetics, the study of
beauty, in the 17th century, art began to unfold from its
previous connotation of craftsmanship (Caslib, Garing,
and Casaul 2018). In the 18th century, the divide
between fine arts and useful arts came to be known
(Collingwood, 1983).
• Fine arts are those forms that were commonly be found
in galleries and museums: painting, sculpture, etc.
Crafts are those art forms that had everyday use:
pottery, ceramics, copperware, wallpapers, jewelry, etc.
FOUR COMMON ESSENTIALS OF ART

• 1. Art has to be man-made


• 2. Art must be creative, not imitative
• 3. Art must benefit and satisfy a man
• 4. Art is expressed through a certain
medium
ART HISTORY

• It is a discipline of studying arts through the lens of


history. It involves dealing with objects and works of
art in their historical development and stylistic
contexts. In simple terms, the job of art historians is
to study visual and tangible objects humans make
and map them in history (Pooke & Newall, 2008).
In studying art history, historians ask a series of
questions. Some of them are:
• Who made this? What was his intention in making it?
• Where and when was this made?
• What was happening around the artist at the time?
• Who or what is the subject? How is the subject
represented? How was this made?
• What style was used? How did the artist’s audience
receive the work? What did it mean for them during
that time?
THE MEANING OF HUMANITIES

The study of art belongs to the discipline of humanities.


Questions puzzling the existence of man have been asked
since time immemorial: What am I? Why am I what I am?
Why am I in this world? And art, answering these question
boils down as records of man’s quest for answers to the
fundamental questions he asks about himself and about
life (Ortiz, Erestain, Guillermo, Montano & Pillar, 1976).
Humanities include literature, music and art. Through
humanities, we learn what it is to be human. In the 21st
century, there is a focus on the study of science and
technology. Arts and humanities seem to belong to the
past. The modern definition of Humanities aims to shape
our subjective energies (feelings, attitudes, aspirations)
in accordance with a particular view of the social world
in which we dream, we act and fulfill ourselves (Ortiz et
al., 1976).
ART APPRECIATION

Art Appreciation is an attitude toward art. It allows us to


understand deeply the purpose of an artwork and recognize
the beauty it possesses (Collins & Riley, 1931).
Art appreciation in the humanities is being able to look at a
work of art and form a wise opinion of the work. It is also
having the knowledge, background and understanding of
the universal and timeless qualities that comprise all works
of art. Art appreciation, therefore, deals with the learning or
understanding and creating artworks and enjoying them.
An artist explores an individual’s humanity:
physical, emotional, psychological, sociological
and economic state - and create art out of
these explorations. Thus, art becomes the
expression of the artist’s exploration of one’s
humanity.
CREATIVITY
• “Creation“ in art refers to the act of combining or reordering
already existing materials so that a new object is formed. Thus,
creativity in art involves skill and expertness in handling materials
and organizing them into new, structurally pleasing, and significant
units (Ferrer, et al., 2018).
• This is an imaginative characteristic developed in the course of 5
one's life to find solutions or express one's feelings. His continuing
reactions to the changing natural and social circumstances give
birth to new ideas and new methods. Those, in turn, use to resolve
difficulties which in turn offer a solution to a dream, create art, or
trigger social change, the process of encounter with reality.
ASSUMPTIONS OF ART

1. Art is Universal
• It is not only for concert halls, museums, or galleries; not only
for those who can afford to pay; not only for critics and
scholars. Art is for everyone. Art is everywhere, wherever
people have lived together, art has arisen among them as a
language full of emotions and meaning. Art has no boundaries
and rises above traditions, races and civilizations. The desire
to construct this language seems to be universal, and art as a
cultural force can be widespread and strong. It's eternal as it
goes beyond the span of our own life.
2. Art is Not Nature
• Art is man-made; it is the development of a man who
uses his analytical ability and artistry to process and
plan. Art is synthetic since it is either an imitation or
even an infringement of truth and nature. It is the
expression of concepts, thoughts and feelings that are
expressed in an intellectual and innovative way
3. Art involves Experience
• Art is a reflection of our experience. It is seeking
participation. Every art has something to do with some
physical content, a body or something beyond the
body; hence, the only way to find justification and
affirmation is through immersion in the arts. We can
only appreciate art if we spend time looking at it,
listening to it, touching it, and feeling its presence.
Three major experience of art (for artist):
a. Experience that an artist wants to
communicate
b. Experience in creating the artwork
c. Experience after creating the artwork
Audience Experience of Art:
a.Sensory Response
b.Emotional Response
c. Intellectual Response
4. Art as Expression
• Art has grown out of man’s need to express himself. The
personal and social values of the artist and his
penetrating psychological insights into human reality are
also conveyed through art. It uses symbols which
organize into some comprehensible equivalent of the
experience that an artist is trying to convey. Art is an
expression of 6 a general vision of the age in which it was
created. An artist becomes a kind of historian, recording
in his/her work the attitudes and way of life of his period.
5. Art as a form of Creation
• As a creativity activity, art involves skill or
expertness handling materials and
organizing them into new, structurally
pleasing and significant units. It is a
planned activity that may be produced and
executed by an individual or a team.
FUNCTIONS OF ART
HOW DOES ART SERVE US?
BASIC PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES OF
ART

1. Art as Mimesis (Plato) - all artistic creation is a form of


imitation: that which really exists (in the “world of ideas”) is a
type created by God; the concrete things man perceives in his
existence are shadowy representations of this ideal type.
2. Art as Representation (Aristotle) - He recognized that
literature is a representation of life, yet also believed that
representations intervene between the viewer and the real. This
creates worlds of illusion leading one away from the "real
things".
3. Art for Art’s Sake (Kant) - that art needs no
justification, that it need serve no political, didactic, or
other ends. Art has its own reason of being.
4. Art as an Escape - the ritual of producing or making art
touches the deepest reaches of the mind and the
essential dimension of the artistic creative process. The
sacred level of art not only transforms everything into art
but also transforms the artist at the very center of his or
her being.

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