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2.4 Regular Expressions

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17 views31 pages

2.4 Regular Expressions

Uploaded by

umathamizh0306
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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2.

4 REGULAR
EXPRESSIONS
Regular Expression
 A regular expression is a sequence of characters that
forms a search pattern.
 The search pattern can be used for text search and text
replace operations.
 A regular expression can be a single character, or a
more complicated pattern.
 Regular expressions can be used to perform all types of
text search and text replace operations.
 Syntax
/pattern/modifiers;
 Example
var patt = /w3schools/i;
 Example explained:
/w3schools/i is a regular expression.
w3schools is a pattern (to be used in a search).
i is a modifier (modifies the search to be case-
insensitive).
Using String Methods
 In JavaScript, regular expressions are often
used with the two string methods: search() and
replace().
 The search() method uses an expression to
search for a match, and returns the position of
the match.
 The replace() method returns a modified string
where the pattern is replaced.
Using String search() With a
String
 The search() method searches a string for a
specified value and returns the position of the
match:
 Example

 Use a string to do a search for "W3schools" in a


string:
 var str = "Visit W3Schools!";
 var n = str.search("W3Schools");
Using String replace() With
a String
 The replace() method replaces a specified
value with another value in a string:
 var str = "Visit Microsoft!";
var res = str.replace("Microsoft",
"W3Schools");
Use String replace() With a
Regular Expression
Example
Use a case insensitive regular
expression to replace Microsoft
with W3Schools in a string:
var str = "Visit Microsoft!";
var res = str.replace(/microsoft/i,
"W3Schools");
Regular Expression
Modifiers
Modifiers can be used to
perform case-insensitive more
global searches:
Regular Expression
Patterns
 Bracketsare used to find a range of characters
 Expression Description

 [abc] Find any of the


characters between the brackets
 [0-9] Find any of the digits
between the brackets
 (x|y) Find any of the
alternatives separated with
Using the RegExp
Object
 In JavaScript, the RegExp object is a regular expression
object with predefined properties and methods
 Using test()
 The test() method is a RegExp expression method.
 It searches a string for a pattern, and returns true or
false, depending on the result.
 sUsing exec()
 The exec() method is a RegExp expression method.
 It searches a string for a specified pattern, and returns
the found text as an object.
 If no match is found, it returns an empty (null) object.
2.5 EXCEPTION HANDLING
EXCEPTION HANDLING
There are three types of errors in
programming:
 Syntax Errors
 Runtime Errors, and
 Logical Errors.
Syntax Errors
 Syntax errors, also called parsing errors, occur
at compile time in traditional programming
languages and at interpret time in JavaScript.
 <script type = "text/javascript">
 <!--

 window.print(;
 //-->
 </script>
Runtime Errors
 Runtime errors, also called exceptions, occur
during execution (after
compilation/interpretation).
 <script type = "text/javascript">
 <!--

 window.printme();
 //-->
 </script>
Logical Errors
 Logic errors can be the most difficult type of
errors to track down.
 These errors are not the result of a syntax or
runtime error. Instead, they occur when you
make a mistake in the logic that drives your
script and you do not get the result you
expected.
The try...catch...finally
Statement
 The latest versions of JavaScript added exception handling
capabilities.
 JavaScript implements the try...catch...finally construct as well

as the throw operator to handle exceptions.


<script type = "text/javascript">
<!--
try {
// Code to run [break;]
}
catch ( e ) {
// Code to run if an exception occurs [break;]
}
[ finally {
// Code that is always executed regardless of an
exception occurring
}]
Example
<html>
<head>
<script type = "text/javascript">
<!--
function myFunc() {
var a = 100;
alert("Value of variable a is : " + a );
}
//-->
</script>
</head>

<body>
<p>Click the following to see the result:</p>
<form>
<input type = "button" value = "Click Me" onclick = "myFunc();" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
Example
<html>
<head>

<script type = "text/javascript">


<!--
function myFunc() {
var a = 100;
try {
alert("Value of variable a is : " + a );
}
catch ( e ) {
alert("Error: " + e.description );
}
}
//-->
</script>

</head>
<body>
<p>Click the following to see the result:</p>

<form>
<input type = "button" value = "Click Me" onclick = "myFunc();" />
</form>

</body>
Example
<html>
<head>

<script type = "text/javascript">


<!--
function myFunc() {
var a = 100;

try {
alert("Value of variable a is : " + a );
}
catch ( e ) {
alert("Error: " + e.description );
}
finally {
alert("Finally block will always execute!" );
}
}
//-->
</script>

</head>
<body>
<p>Click the following to see the result:</p>

<form>
<input type = "button" value = "Click Me" onclick = "myFunc();" />
</form>

</body>
The throw Statement
Use throw statement to raise the
built-in exceptions or
thecustomized exceptions
Example
<html> <head>
<script type = "text/javascript">
<!--
function myFunc() {
var a = 100; var b = 0;
try {
if ( b == 0 ) {
throw( "Divide by zero error." );
}
else {
var c = a / b; }
}
catch ( e )
{ alert("Error: " + e ); }
}
//--> </script> </head> <body>
<p>Click the following to see the result:</p>
<form>
<input type = "button" value = "Click Me" onclick = "myFunc();" />
</form> </body> </html>
The onerror() Method
 The onerror event handler was the first feature
to facilitate error handling in JavaScript.
 The error event is fired on the window object
whenever an exception occurs on the page.
Example
<html>
<head>
<script type = "text/javascript">
window.onerror = function ()
{
alert("An error occurred.");
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<p>Click the following to see the result:</p>
<form>
<input type = "button" value = "Click Me" onclick =
"myFunc();" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
2.6 VALIDATION
Form validation
 Form validation normally used to occur at the server,
after the client had entered all the necessary data and
then pressed the Submit button.
 This was really a lengthy process.
 JavaScript provides a way to validate form's data on the
client's computer before sending it to the web server.
 Form validation performs two functions.
 Basic Validation − form must be checked to make sure
all the mandatory fields are filled in.
 Data Format Validation - data that is entered must be
checked for correct form and value.
2.7 BUILT IN OBJECT
BUILT IN OBJECTS
 Booleans can be objects (if defined with the new
keyword)
 Numbers can be objects (if defined with the new
keyword)
 Strings can be objects (if defined with the new keyword)
 Dates are always objects
 Maths are always objects
 Regular expressions are always objects
 Arrays are always objects
 Functions are always objects
 Objects are always objects
JavaScript Primitives
A primitive value is a value that has no
properties or methods.
A primitive data type is data that has a
primitive value.
 JavaScript defines 5 types of primitive data
types:
String
Number
Boolean
Objects are Variables
 JavaScript variables can contain single values
 Example
var person = "bala";
 Objects are variables too. But objects can
contain many values
 The values are written as name : value pairs
(name and value separated by a colon).
 var person = {firstName:“Bala",
lastName:“Kumar", age:35};
Object Properties
The named values, in JavaScript
objects, are called properties.
Object Methods
 Methods are actions that can be performed on
objects.
 Object properties can be both primitive
values, other objects, and functions.
 An object method is an object property
containing a function definition.
Creating a JavaScript Object
 With JavaScript, we can define and create the own objects.
 There are different ways to create new objects:
 Define and create a single object, using an object literal.
var person = {firstName:“Bala", lastName:“Kumar", age:35};
 Define and create a single object, with the keyword new.
var person = new Object();
 Define an object constructor, and then create objects of the
constructed type.
var person = {firstName:“Bala", lastName:“Kumar", age:35};
var x=person;
x.age = 10; // This will change both x.age and person.age

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