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the introduction for the statistics and probability

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41 views52 pages

Day 1 - Course Outline

the introduction for the statistics and probability

Uploaded by

mmengesha27
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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STATISTICS AND

PROBABILITY
CC 234
WE ALL CAN WORK, BUT
TOGETHER WE WIN.
Course
Description
COURSE DESCRIPTION

• This course is a basic course in statistics.


• It provides statistical data collection and
data analysis that spans from the very
beginnings of the subject to intermediate
level in business statistics.
COURSE DESCRIPTION

• It deals with an introduction to the


basic tools of analysis, such as ratios,
frequency distributions, averages,
and dispersion measures.
COURSE DESCRIPTION
• The course also covers topics such as:

• probabilities of events and expected values,

• elements of probability theory,

• probability distributions,

• linear correlation and regression.


Course
Objectives
COURSE OBJECTIVES
• At the end of this course a student
should be able to:
1. define statistics as a data and as a
method, identify the importance and
limitation of statistics;
COURSE OBJECTIVES
2. differentiate sample and census
survey, their advantages and
disadvantages;
3. identify the sampling techniques
to be used in the collection of
data;
COURSE OBJECTIVES

4. distinguish the types of classification


and illustrate the collected data in a
grouped frequency distribution;
5. demonstrate the collected data in
graph;
COURSE OBJECTIVES
6. define the three types of averages
and their purposes;
7. define the different types of
dispersions and their purposes;
8. distinguish between measures of
central tendency and measures of
variation;
COURSE OBJECTIVES
9. solve problems involving the use
of the addition and multiplication
theorems of probability;
10. distinguish the difference between
conditional and unconditional
probability;
COURSE OBJECTIVES

11. distinguish the difference between


mutually exclusive and non-mutually
exclusive events and also between
dependent and non-dependent events;
COURSE OBJECTIVES

12. distinguish the difference


between regression and correlation;
between simple and multiple
regression; and between linear and
non linear relationships;
COURSE OBJECTIVES

13.construct and interpret a scatter

diagram.
Reference
Materials
REFERENCE MATERIALS

1. Alan G. Bluman, Elementary Statistics:


Step by step approach, 1998.
2. S.C. GUPTA, Fundamentals of
Statistics, 2003.
REFERENCE MATERIALS
3. Introductory Statistics
Volume 1 of 2
Textbook Equity Edition
textbookequity.org
ISBN: 978-1-304-89164-8
REFERENCE MATERIALS
4. Online Statistics Education: David M.
Lane
5. An Introduction to Statistics: Keone
Hon
6. Elementary Statistics: A Step by Step
Approach: Allan G. Bluman
ASSESSMENT METHOD

 Questionnaire development and


assignments 10%
 Attendance and other assignments 10%
 Mid Term Exam: 30%
• Final Examination: 50%
Course Contents
CHAPTER I: - INTRODUCTION
1.1 Definition of statistics
1.2. Steps of statistical investigation
1.3. Importance and limitation of statistics
1.4 Characteristics of statistics
1.5 Terminologies
1.6 Types of statistics
CHAPTER II: - COLLECTION OF DATA

2.1 Definition
2.2 Scope of statistical investigation
2.3. Advantages and Disadvantages
of census and sample survey
CHAPTER II: - COLLECTION OF DATA
2.4 Sampling Techniques
2.4.1. Definition
2.4.2. Types of Sampling
CHAPTER II: - COLLECTION OF DATA

a) Random Sampling Methods

i. Simple random sampling method

ii. Systematic random sampling method

iii. Stratified random sampling method

iv. Clustered random sampling method


CHAPTER II: - COLLECTION OF DATA

b) Non-Random Sampling Methods


i.Judgment
ii.Convenience
iii.Quota
iv.Purposive
2.5. Advantages and disadvantages of random
CHAPTER II: - COLLECTION OF DATA
2.6. Source of data
2.6.1 Primary data
Methods and means of collecting data
a) physical observation
b) personal interview
c) telephone interview
d) written questionnaire
2.6.2 Secondary data
CHAPTER III: - CLASSIFICATION AND PRESENTATION OF
STATISTICAL DATA

3.1. Definition
3.2. Types of classification
i. Geographical Classification
ii. Chronological Classification
iii. Qualitative Classification
CHAPTER III: - CLASSIFICATION AND
PRESENTATION OF STATISTICAL DATA

iv. Quantitative Classification


a) Discrete variables
b) Continuous variables
CHAPTER III: - CLASSIFICATION AND
PRESENTATION OF STATISTICAL DATA

3.3 Grouped Frequency distribution (GFD)


3.3.1. Definition
3.3.2. Class boundaries, class width and
class marks
3.3.3. “Rules” for forming a (GFD)
CHAPTER III: - CLASSIFICATION AND
PRESENTATION OF STATISTICAL DATA

3.3.4. Histogram and frequency polygon


3.3.5. Cumulative Frequency
Distribution (CFD) and its graph
3.3.6. Relative Cumulative Frequency
Distribution (RCFD) and its graph
CHAPTER III: - CLASSIFICATION AND
PRESENTATION OF STATISTICAL DATA
3.4. Other Graphical representations of
statistical data
3.4.1. Line graph
3.4.2. Vertical line graph
3.4.3. Bar Chart
3.4.4. Pie Chart
3.4.5. Pictograph
CHAPTER IV: - MEASURES OF
CENTRAL TENDENCY

4.1 Definition and purpose of averages


4.2. Summation notation and its properties
4.3. Mathematical measures of central
tendency
CHAPTER IV: - MEASURES OF
CENTRAL TENDENCY
4.3. Mathematical measures of central

tendency

4.3.1. Arithmetic Mean (A.M)

i. Definition

ii. Computation of arithmetic mean for

ungrouped and grouped data


CHAPTER IV: - MEASURES OF
CENTRAL TENDENCY
iii. Properties of arithmetic mean
iv. Weighted arithmetic mean
v. Correcting the arithmetic mean
vi. Combined arithmetic mean
CHAPTER IV: - MEASURES OF
CENTRAL TENDENCY

4.3.2. Geometric Mean (G.M)


i. Definition
ii. Computation of GM for
ungrouped data
iii. Application problems
CHAPTER IV: - MEASURES OF
CENTRAL TENDENCY

4.3.3. Harmonic Mean (H.M)


i. Definition
ii. Computation of H.M for ungrouped
data
iii. Application problems
CHAPTER IV: - MEASURES OF
CENTRAL TENDENCY

4.4 Positional measures of central tendency.

4.4.1. The Mode

i. Definition and importance of mode

ii. Computation of mode for

ungrouped and grouped data.


CHAPTER IV: - MEASURES OF
CENTRAL TENDENCY
4.4.2. The Median
i. Definition and importance of
median
ii. Computation of median for
ungrouped and grouped data
CHAPTER IV: - MEASURES OF
CENTRAL TENDENCY
4.4.3. Quartiles, Deciles, and Percentiles

i. Definitions of Quartiles, Deciles, and

Percentiles

ii. Importance of Quartiles, Deciles, and

Percentiles

iii. Computation of Quartiles, Deciles, and

Percentiles for ungrouped and grouped data.


CHAPTER IV: - MEASURES OF
CENTRAL TENDENCY

4.5. Relationship between mean,

median and mode

4.5.1. Introduction

4.5.2. Symmetric and

moderately skewed distributions


CHAPTER V: - MEASURES OF VARIATION
(DISPERSION)

5.1. Definition and purpose

5.2. Absolute and relative measures of dispersion

a) positional measures of dispersion

i. range and coefficient of range

ii. inter-quartile range

iii. quartile deviation and coefficient

deviation
CHAPTER V: - MEASURES OF
VARIATION (DISPERSION)
b) Mathematical measures of
dispersion
i. average deviation
(about the mean, and
the median for
CHAPTER V: - MEASURES OF
VARIATION (DISPERSION)
iii. standard deviation for
ungrouped and grouped data.
iv. variance
v. coefficient of variation
vi. standard score (z-score)
CHAPTER VI: - INTRODUCTION TO
ELEMENTARY PROBABILITIES

6.1. Definition of Probability


6.1.1. Classical approach
6.1.2. Important terms (sample space,
event, impossible and sure event,
etc)
6.2. Properties of Probability of an event
CHAPTER VI: - INTRODUCTION TO
ELEMENTARY PROBABILITIES

6.3. Addition Rule of Probability

6.4. Multiplication rule of


probability
6.5. Conditional Probability
CHAPTER VII: - CORRELATION
AND REGRESSION ANALYSIS
7.1. Regression
7.1.1. Definition of regression
7.1.2. Definition of simple
linear regression
CHAPTER VII: - CORRELATION
AND REGRESSION ANALYSIS

7.1.3. Least squares method


7.1.4. Regression equation
of Y and X and X and Y
7.1.5. Prediction
CHAPTER VII: - CORRELATION
AND REGRESSION ANALYSIS
7.2. Correlation
7.2.1. Definition and types
7.2.2. Scatter diagram
7.2.3. Measuring simple linear
correlation
7.2.4. Measuring rank Correlation

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