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Bs 1st PPT 11 Bridge Rectifier

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142 views15 pages

Bs 1st PPT 11 Bridge Rectifier

Uploaded by

mahnoormazhar50
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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COURSE: ELECTRONICS & ITS

APPLICATIONS
CLASS: BS 1ST
COURSE CODE: PHY-421
TOPIC: BRIDGE FULL-WAVE
RECTIFIER.
DEPARTMENT OF
PHYSICS
GCWUF
CONTENTS:
◦Introduction
◦Working
◦Positive half cycle
◦Negative half cycle
◦Waveforms
◦Smoothing filter circuit
◦Characteristics
◦Advantages
◦References .
Introduction:
◦Full wave rectifiers have
some fundamental
advantages over their
half wave rectifier
counterparts. The
average (DC) output
voltage is higher than
for half wave, the output
of the full wave rectifier
has much less ripple
than that of the half
wave rectifier producing
a smoother output
◦the center tapped full wave rectifier has one
drawback that is the center-tapped
transformer used in it is very expensive and
occupies large space.
◦To cut this extra cost, scientists developed a
new type of rectifier, using a four-diode
bridge configuration known as a Full-Wave
Bridge Rectifier.
◦This bridge configuration does not require a
special center-tapped transformer which
drastically reduces its size and cost. That is
why bridge rectifiers are used much more
Full Wave Bridge Rectifier.
◦This type of rectifier uses four individual rectifying diodes
connected in a closed loop “bridge” configuration to produce
the desired output.
◦In the circuit diagram, 4 diodes are arranged in the form of a
bridge. The single secondary winding is connected to one side
of the diode bridge network and the load to the other side as
shown .
◦The four diodes labelled D1 to D4 are arranged in “series
pairs” with only two diodes conducting current during each
half cycle.
◦The Positive Half-cycle:
◦during the first half cycle
diodes D1 and D3 are forward
biased and current flows
through arm AB, enters the
load resistance RL, and returns
back flowing through arm DC.
◦ During this half of each input
cycle, the diodes D2 and D4 are
reverse biased and current is
not allowed to flow in arms AD
and BC.
◦The flow of current is indicated
by solid arrows in the figure.
The Negative Half-cycle:
◦The diodes D2 and D4 become
forward biased and current
flows through arm CB,
enters the load resistance
RL, and returns back to the
source flowing through arm
DA.
◦Thus the direction of flow of
current through the load
resistance RL remains the
same during both half cycles
of the input supply voltage.
◦During the negative half
cycle, the terminal B
becomes positive while
the terminal A becomes
negative. This causes
the diodes D2 and
D4 forward biased and at
the same time, it causes
the diodes D1 and
D3 reverse biased.
◦The current flow
direction during
negative half cycle is
shown in the figure B
(I.e. B to D to C to A).
Waveforms:
The Smoothing Capacitor:
◦ The full-wave bridge rectifier
gives us the output waveform
that is twice that of the
frequency of the input supply
frequency.
◦Smoothing capacitors are
connected in parallel with the
load across the output of the
full wave bridge rectifier
circuit.
◦It converts the full-wave
rippled output of the rectifier
into a more smooth DC output
voltage.
Characteristics of bridge rectifier: The maximum
voltage a diode can
◦If we consider ideal diodes in bridge, the withstand in the
reverse bias
forward biased diodes D1 and D3 will have condition is called
zero resistance. This means voltage drop Peak Inverse Voltage
across the conducting diodes will be zero. (PIV)
This will result in the entire transformer or
secondary voltage being developed across The maximum
voltage that the non-
load resistance RL. Thus peak inverse conducting diode can
voltage: withstand is called
◦ PIV = Vmax (max of secondary voltage) Peak
The Inverse
output Voltage
DC signal
(PIV).
with very fewer ripples
is considered as the
◦The smoothness of the output DC signal is smooth DC signal
while the output DC
measured by using a factor known as ripple signal with high ripples
factor. is considered as the
high pulsating DC
signal.
◦Ripple factor is mathematically
defined as the ratio of ripple
voltage to the pure DC voltage.
◦The ripple factor is given by:

◦The rectifier efficiency determines


how efficiently the rectifier
converts Alternating Current (AC)
into Direct Current (DC). High rectifier efficiency
indicates a most reliable
◦Rectifier efficiency is defined as: rectifier while the low
◦ the ratio of the DC output power to rectifier efficiency indicates
a poor rectifier.
the AC input power.
◦Advantages of bridge
rectifier:

◦Low ripples in the output DC signal


◦High rectifier efficiency
◦Low power loss
REFRENCES:
◦BASIC ELECTRONICS BY B.L. THERA
JA
◦Basic electronics by B. GROBS.
◦Electronics fundamentals by T.L.
FLOYD

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