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Presentation - 10th Grade

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6 views20 pages

Presentation - 10th Grade

Uploaded by

Saqib Tipo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Understanding Procedures and Functions in Programming

Introduction to Procedures and Functions

● Procedures and functions are essential parts of a program.


● They help organize code into reusable pieces.
● Reusable code can be called multiple times as needed.
What is a Procedure?
● A procedure performs a specific action.
● It does not return a value.
● Example: A procedure that prints a message.
What is a Function?
● A function performs a specific task and returns a value.
● Functions can take inputs and provide outputs.
● Example: A function that adds two numbers and returns the
result.
Defining Procedures
● Syntax for defining a procedure:
● Procedure name
● Statements to execute
● End procedure
● Example:
● procedure PrintMessage
● "Hello, World!"
● end procedure
Defining Functions
● Syntax for defining a function:
● Function name
● Return type
● Parameters (if any)
● Statements to execute
● Return value
Calling Procedures
● To call a procedure, simply use its name followed by
parentheses.
● Example: PrintMessage()
● Procedures can be called from anywhere in the program.
Calling Functions
● Functions are called similarly to procedures.
● Example: result = AddNumbers(5, 10)
● The returned value can be stored in a variable.
Parameters and Arguments
● Parameters are variables in the procedure or function definition.
● Arguments are the actual values passed to the procedure or
function.
● Example: In AddNumbers(a, b), a and b are parameters.
Passing Parameters
● Parameters can be passed by value or by reference.
● By value: A copy of the value is passed.
● By reference: The memory address is passed, allowing changes
to affect the original variable.
Return Values
● Functions return values using the return keyword.
● The return statement is typically the last statement in the
function.
● Example: return sum
Difference Between Procedures and Functions

● Procedures do not return values; they perform actions.


● Functions return values and can be part of expressions.
● Understanding this difference is crucial for effective
programming.
Example of a Procedure
● Example: A procedure that prints a line of dashes.
● It takes a parameter for the number of dashes to print.
● Call it with: PrintLine(60)
Example of a Function
● Example: A function that calculates the sum of squares.
● Takes two parameters and returns the sum of their squares.
● Call it with: result = SumOfSquares(3, 4)
Using Functions in Expressions
● Functions can be used in expressions.
● Example: If SumOfSquares(3, 4) > 20, then do something.
● This allows for dynamic decision-making in programs.
Common Mistakes
● Forgetting to use parentheses when calling procedures or
functions.
● Confusing parameters with arguments.
● Not handling return values properly.
Best Practices
● Keep procedures and functions focused on a single task.
● Use meaningful names for procedures and functions.
● Document your code to explain what each procedure or function
does.
Engaging Questions
● Can you think of a real-world example of a procedure?
● How would you use a function to solve a math problem?
● Why is it important to understand the difference between
procedures and functions?
Conclusion
● Procedures and functions are vital for organizing code.
● They enhance code reusability and clarity.
● Mastering these concepts is essential for effective programming.
Further Learning
● Explore more about programming languages and their syntax.
● Practice writing your own procedures and functions.
● Engage in coding challenges to strengthen your understanding.

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