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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
11 views13 pages

0 - CRD Presentation P9.16B-1

Uploaded by

Muhammad Amir
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Chemical Reactor Design

Presented To
Dr. Hamayoun Mahmood
Presented By
Muhammad Shahid 2019-R/2018-CH-243
Ikkarma Ahmad 2019-CH-267
Hamza Shahbaz 2019-CH-213
Problem Statement
P.9-16B The elementary liquid phase reaction
A B
is carried out in a CSTR. Pure A is fed at a rate of 200 lb mol/h at 530 R and a concentration of 0.5 lb mol/ft. [M.
Shacham, N. Brauner, and M. B. Cutlip. Chem. Engr. Edu. 28 (1), 30 (Winter 1994).] The mass density of the solution
is constant at 50 lb/ft³.
(a) Plot G(T) and R(T) as a function of temperature.
(b) What are the steady-state concentrations and temperatures? [One answer T= 628.645 R, C A = 0.06843 lb mol/ft³]
Which ones are stable? What is the extinction temperature?
(c) Apply the unsteady-state mole and energy balances to this system. Consider the upper steady state. Use the values
you obtained in part (b) as your initial values to plot C A and T versus time up to 6 hours and then to plot C A versus T.
What did you find? Do you want to change any of your answers to part (b)?
(d) Expand your results for part (c) by varying T 0, and Ta. (Hint: Try T0= 590°R]. Describe what you find.
(e) What are the parameters in part (d) for the other steady states? Plot T and C A as a function of time using the steady-
state values as the initial conditions at the lower steady state by value of T 0= 550 R and T0= 560 R. Start at the lower
steady state (T = 547.1, CA = 0.425) and make a CA/T phase-plane plot for the base case in part (a) T 0 = 530. Now
increase Ta to 550 and then to 560, and describe what you find. Vary T 0.
(f) Explore this problem. Write a paragraph describing your results and what you learned from this problem.
Given Data
• Elementary reaction
• Liquid-Phase reaction
• V0= 400 ft3/hr A = 250 ft 2 ( Heat Exchanger)
• CA0 = 0.50 lb mol/ft3 Ta = 530°R
• V = 48 ft3 T 0 = 530°R
• A = 1.416 x 10 12 h-1 ΔHRx = -30,000 Btu/lb mol

• E = 30,000 Btu/lb mol C p = 0.75 Btu/lb 0R


• R = 1.987 BTU/lb mol 0R ρ = 50 lbm/ft3
Assumptions
• U = 150 BTU/h-ft² R 0
i. First order reaction
• Cp = Cp *ρ = (0.75 Btu/lb 0R)(50 lbm/ft3) = 37.5 Btu/ft3 R ii. Constant density
iii. Perfect mixing
iv. Steady-State
v. Non-Adiabatic
Part(a)
Calculations Polymath Programming
Gt = -dHr*V*k*Ca
R(T) = UA (T-Ta) + ρv0Cp (T-T0) Cp = 0.75
Ca = Cao/(1+tau*k)
G(T) = - ΔHRx VkCa
tau = V/vo
Evaluating the parameters k = e12*exp(-E/1.987/T)
K E = 30000
k = 1.416 x 10 12 exp(-30000/1.987/T) rho = 50
ΔHRx = -30,000 Btu/lb mol Ta = 530
UA = 250*150
vo = 400
ρ = 50 lbm/ft3 Cao = 0.5
UA = 150*250 = 37500 Btu/hr 0R V = 48
CA0 = 0.50 lb mol/ft3 t(0) = 0
t(f) = 140
V = 48 ft3 dHr = -30000
Ta = 530°R d(T) / d(t) = 1
T(0) = 530
T0 = 530°R Rt = UA*(T-Ta)+rho*vo*Cp*(T-T0)
T0 = 530
Polymath Graph
Part(b)

Similarly
T = 547 R
0

k = 1.416 x 10 12 exp(-30000/1.987/547) CA = 0.320 mol/dm3 @ T = 571 0R


K = 0.1458 h-1
CA = 0.072 mol/dm3 @ T = 628 0R

CA  The extinction temperature is T0 = 497°R. At


CA this point R(T) is tangent to G(T) at the upper
steady state.
CA = 0.491 mol/dm3
Part(c)
d(T) / d(t) = (U *A * (Ta -T) -Fa0 * Cpa* (T - T0) + (rA * V) *delH) / (Na0 * Cpa)
T(0) = 530
d(Ca) / d(t) = rA + (Ca0-Ca) / tau
Ca(0) = 0.5
Using the unsteady – state equations for a
Cpa = 37.5*2
CSTR we get the following Na0 = Ca0 * V
• Mole Balance Ca0 = 0.5
delH = -30000
rA = -k * Ca
• Energy Balance tau = V/v0
k = Ar * exp(-E/R/T)
E = 30000
T0 = 530
t(0) = 0
t(f) = 6
V = 48
Ta = 530
v0 = 400
A = 250
U = 150
R = 1.987
Ar = 1.416*10^12
Fa0 = 200
Polymath Graph
Part(d)

d(T) / d(t) = (U *A * (Ta -T) -Fa0 * Cpa* (T - T0) + (rA * V) *delH) / (Na0 * Cpa)
T(0) = 530
d(Ca) / d(t) = rA + (Ca0-Ca) / tau
Ca(0) = 0.5
Cpa = 37.5*2
Na0 = Ca0 * V
Ca0 = 0.5
delH = -30000
rA = -k * Ca
tau = V/v0
k = Ar * exp(-E/R/T)
E = 30000
T0 = 590
t(0) = 0
t(f) = 6
V = 48
Ta = 530
v0 = 400
A = 250
U = 150
R = 1.987
Ar = 1.416*10^12
Fa0 = 200
Part(e)
d(T) / d(t) = (U *A * (Ta -T) -Fa0 * Cpa* (T - T0) + (rA * V) *delH) / (Na0 * Cpa)
T(0) = 530
d(Ca) / d(t) = rA + (Ca0-Ca) / tau
Ca(0) = 0.425
Cpa = 37.5*2
Na0 = Ca0 * V
Ca0 = 0.425
delH = -30000
rA = -k * Ca
tau = V/v0
k = Ar * exp(-E/R/T)
E = 30000
T0 = 550
t(0) = 0
t(f) = 6
V = 48
Ta = 550
v0 = 400
A = 250
U = 150
R = 1.987
Ar = 1.416*10^12
Fa0 = 200
Part(e)
Part(f)
When we start a CSTR, we turned off outlet product stream and let the reactor to
achieve steady state condition. At the start CSTR have un-steady state condition in
which reactor produce maximum product then as the time passes the reaction start
to move gradually towards steady-state condition. At steady-state there is no
change in temperature, concentration etc with respect to time. For the same reaction
either we change initial conditions but the system maintain its steady-state
condition.

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