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Maslow

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Reshmi ER
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19 views27 pages

Maslow

Uploaded by

Reshmi ER
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THEORIES OF

NURSING
PRACTICE
Learning objectives
• Defines theory
• Describes Maslows hierarchy of needs
• Identify theories of nursing practice
• Prepares theory based care plans
Theory?

•Theory is a set of principles on


which practice of activity is
based.

•Eg: Kinetic theory of gases


Physiological
These refer to basic physical needs like drinking when thirsty or eating when hungry.

According to Maslow, some of these needs involve our efforts to meet the body’s need

for homeostasis; that is, maintaining consistent levels in different bodily systems (for

example, maintaining a body temperature of 98.6°)

Maslow considered physiological needs to be the most essential of our needs. If

someone is lacking in more than one need, they’re likely to try to meet these

physiological needs first. For example, if someone is extremely hungry, it’s hard to

focus on anything else besides food. Another example of a physiological need would be
Safety
Once people’s physiological requirements are met, the next need that arises is a

safe environment. Our safety needs are apparent even early in childhood, as

children have a need for safe and predictable environments and typically react

with fear or anxiety when these are not met. Maslow pointed out that in adults

living in developed nations, safety needs are more apparent in emergency

situations (e.g. war and disasters), but this need can also explain why we tend to

prefer the familiar or why we do things like purchase insurance and contribute to

a savings account.
Love and Belonging

According to Maslow, the next need in the hierarchy involves feeling loved and

accepted. This need includes both romantic relationships as well as ties to

friends and family members. It also includes our need to feel that we belong to

a social group. Importantly, this need encompasses both feeling

loved and feeling love towards others.

Since Maslow’s time, researchers have continued to explore how love and

belonging needs impact well-being. For example, having social connections is

related to better physical health and, conversely, feeling isolated (i.e. having
Esteem
Our esteem needs involve the desire to feel good about ourselves. According

to Maslow, esteem needs include two components. The first involves feeling

self-confidence and feeling good about oneself. The second component

involves feeling valued by others; that is, feeling that our achievements and

contributions have been recognized by other people. When people’s esteem

needs are met, they feel confident and see their contributions and

achievements as valuable and important. However, when their esteem needs

are not met, they may experience what psychologist Alfred Adler called
• Self-Actualization

• Self-actualization refers to feeling fulfilled, or feeling that we are living up to

our potential. One unique feature of self-actualization is that it looks different

for everyone. For one person, self-actualization might involve helping others; for

another person, it might involve achievements in an artistic or creative field.

Essentially, self-actualization means feeling that we are doing what we believe

we are meant to do. According to Maslow, achieving self-actualization is

relatively rare, and his examples of famous self-actualized individuals include

Abraham Lincoln, Albert Einstein, and Mother Teresa.


Why is Maslow's hierarchy of
needs important?
• The basis of Maslow's theory is that we are
motivated by our needs as human beings.
Additionally, if some of our most important needs
are unmet, we may be unable to progress and
meet our other needs. This can help explain why
we might feel "stuck" or unmotivated.

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