Magellan's Exploitation in the Philippine Timeline

Ferdinand Magellan arrived in the Philippines in

March 1521. His expedition aimed to find a westward
route to the Spice Islands.
Magellan’s arrival marked the
beginning of widespread
Christianization in the Philippines. He
baptized the local chieftain, Raja
Humabon, and his wife.
The Battle of Mactan took place on April 27,
1521.

After converting Raja Humabon and other local

leaders in Cebu, Magellan decided to assert his
authority over nearby island chieftains who
resisted Spanish rule
Lapu-Lapu’s warriors, using native
weapons like bamboo spears and
cutlasses, overpowered the Spaniards.
Lapu-Lapu is now celebrated as the first
Filipino hero who resisted colonization, and
the battle marked the first clash between
Filipinos and Europeans.

The battle delayed Spain’s colonization

efforts in the Philippines, which would not
resume in full until 1565 under Miguel
López de Legazpi.
1565: Legazpi arrived
in Cebu and
established the first
Spanish settlement.
1570-1571: Legazpi, along with his
nephew Juan de Salcedo and Martin de
Goiti, expanded Spanish control to
Manila. In 1571, after a brief
resistance, Legazpi successfully
captured Manila and made it the
capital of the Spanish East Indies.
1572: Legazpi declared Manila as the capital of
the colony, and it became a central hub for
trade between Asia, the Americas, and
Europe.
Manpower: The Spanish forces were relatively small,
so recruiting local warriors was essential to subjugate
other indigenous groups.

Strategic Alliances: Legazpi formed alliances with

local chieftains, promising them protection and trade
benefits in exchange for military support.

Familiarity with Terrain: Local soldiers were better

suited for navigating the archipelago and
understanding the diverse culture and tactics of
other Filipino groups.
Rajah Tupas (Cebu): Initially resisted
Spanish forces but later surrendered and
was baptized. His alliance helped Spain
secure Cebu.

Lakandula (Tondo): A powerful ruler in

Manila, he submitted to Spanish
authority after negotiations, helping the
Spanish consolidate power in Luzon.

Rajah Sulayman (Manila): Initially

resisted Spanish rule but was eventually
defeated in 1571. His defeat allowed
Legazpi to establish control over Manila.
Legazpi's Objectives and Policies as Governor:
Expansion of Christianity: Like other Spanish explorers,
Legazpi's main goal was to spread Catholicism throughout
the islands.

Economic Exploitation: Establishing Manila as a trade hub

and initiating the Galleon Trade was central to Spain’s
economic goals in the region.

Political Control: Legazpi aimed to bring the scattered

barangays (small village communities) under Spanish
control by using a mix of diplomacy and military force.
a system of forced labor imposed on indigenous
workers by Spanish colonists. It was patterned
on grants of land and tribute to those who
fought for Spain during the Reconquista.
Kataas- taasan, Kagalang -galangang, Katipunan ng mga
anak ng bayan ( KKK)

Philippine Independence: The main goal was to overthrow

Spanish colonial rule and achieve full independence for the
Philippines.

Establishment of a Democratic Government: The

Katipunan aimed to establish a new government where all
Filipinos would be free from the abuses of the Spanish friars
and government officials.
S
Katipunan
Andrés Bonifacio: Known as the "Father of the Philippine
Revolution," Bonifacio was the founder and leader of the
Katipunan.
Emilio Jacinto: Often called the "Brains of the
Katipunan," Jacinto was Bonifacio's closest adviser.
José Rizal: While Rizal was not a direct member of the
Katipunan, his writings and martyrdom significantly inspired the
revolutionary movement.
Gregoria de Jesús: Known as the "Lakambini of the Katipunan" (Muse
of the Katipunan), Gregoria de Jesús was Andrés Bonifacio’s wife and
an active member.
Apolinario Mabini: Though not a Katipunan member during
its founding, Mabini became a key figure in the later stages
of the revolution, serving as the chief adviser to Emilio
Aguinaldo .
The Cry of Pugad Lawin (1896): This marked the start of the
open revolt against Spanish rule. Bonifacio and the Katipuneros
gathered in Caloocan and tore their cedulas (residence
certificates), symbolizing their rejection of Spanish authority.
The Battle of San Juan del Monte (1896): This was one of the
first significant battles of the revolution, where the Katipunan
attempted to seize the Spanish arsenal in San Juan.
Execution of José Rizal (1896): The execution of Rizal further
fueled the revolutionary fervor. Though Rizal himself advocated
for peaceful reform, his death was viewed as a symbol of the
injustice of Spanish rule.
Declaration of Philippine Independence (1898): After
years of fighting, Aguinaldo declared Philippine
independence on June 12, 1898, in Kawit, Cavite.
Treaty of Paris (1898): The revolution’s outcome was complicated by the
Spanish-American War. Under the Treaty of Paris, Spain ceded the
Philippines to the United States for $20 million, leading to the Philippine-
American War as Filipinos continued their fight for true independence.
Battle of Manila (1899): The war began with skirmishes
between U.S. and Filipino forces in Manila, with the
conflict quickly escalating across the archipelago.
Guerrilla Warfare: After suffering major defeats,
Aguinaldo’s forces switched to guerrilla tactics, using
ambushes and small-scale skirmishes to resist American
control.
Capture of Aguinaldo (1901): U.S. forces
captured Emilio Aguinaldo in 1901, which
effectively marked the beginning of the end of
organized Filipino resistance.
Outcome:
The war officially ended in 1902, with the U.S.
emerging victorious. The Philippines became a U.S.
colony, and the Americans implemented policies of
"benevolent assimilation," introducing public
education, infrastructure projects, and a new
political system.
Mickey Mouse money refers to the
currency issued by the Japanese
government during its occupation of
the Philippines.

Mickey Mouse money refers to the currency issued

by the Japanese government during its occupation
of the Philippines
Japanese Occupation (1942-1945): During the Japanese
occupation, the Philippines was placed under a puppet
government led by José P. Laurel.
The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere was
a concept propagated by Japan during the war,
claiming to promote Asian unity and
independence from Western powers.
The Leyte Landing on October 20,
1944, marked the return of American
forces to the Philippines under
General Douglas MacArthur.
Independence (1946): After World War II, the U.S. granted the
Philippines full independence on July 4, 1946. The Treaty of
Manila officially recognized the sovereignty of the Republic of
the Philippines, ending nearly five decades of American colonial
rule.