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Fatima Abdullah El-Labib Bacteria Reproduction

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10 views27 pages

Fatima Abdullah El-Labib Bacteria Reproduction

Uploaded by

fatemhwarda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Tripoli University

Technology Medical College


Medical laboratory sciences Department

Postgraduate student

Student:- Fatima Abdullah El-labib


Bacterial Reproduction
Most bacteria rely on binary fission for
.propagation
Cell just needs to grow to twice its
starting size and then split in two
Bacterium must divide at the right time,
in the right place, and must provide each
offspring with a complete copy of its
.essential genetic material
Some other bacterial lineages reproduce
.by budding
Generation time
The growth rate of a bacterium is measured by measuring the change in
bacterial number per unit time.
The generation time for most of the pathogenic bacteria 20 minutes.
The generation time is longer.
Mycobacterium Leprae
Escherichia Coli
day 20
minutes 20

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
hours 20
Binary Fission
The cell must copy its genetic material (DNA) and
.segregate these copies to opposite ends of the cell

As the cell begins to grow and elongate, the


distance between the two DNA molecules
increases. Once the bacterium just about doubles
its original size, the cell membrane begins to pinch
.inward at the center

Cytoplasm is cleaved in two, and in many bacteria,


new cell wall is synthesized

divides the original cell into two identical


.daughter cells
E. coli bacterium in the early stages of
binary fission

This Salmonella bacterium is undergoing


the process of binary fission
 Lag Phase

 Exponential (Log) Phase:

 Stationary Phase

 Death Phase,
Lag Phase

 This initial phase is characterized by cellular


activity but not growth.
Exponential
:(Log) Phase
This is the time when the cells are dividing by
binary fission and doubling in numbers after each
generation time
Stationary
Phase

The population growth experienced


in the log phase begins to decline as
the available nutrients become
depleted and waste products start to
accumulate. Bacterial cell growth
,reaches stationary phase
Death Phase

As nutrients become less available and waste products


increase, the number of dying cells continues to rise.
FACTORS INFLUENCING BACTERIAL GROWTH

The growth of bacteria in the body, in nature, or in the laboratory is


greatly influenced by

Nutrition
Temperature
Gaseous
pH
Ions and salt concentration
Osmosis
Nutrition is
substances used in
Nutrition biosynthesis and
Nutrition energy production
and therefore are
required for all
living things
Energy sourc . Carbon sourc
e Nitrogen Minerals Water

oxidation and
reduction of chemical
compounds
Phototroph Autotrophs Heterotrophs
s CO2
Nutrition

Energy source .
Phototrophs use radiant energy (light) .1 Cyanobacteria
as their primary energy source

Chemotrophs use the oxidation and .2


reduction of chemical compounds as their
.primary energy source
Carbon source
 Autotrophs : require only carbon dioxide as a
carbon source. An autotroph can synthesize
organic molecules from inorganic nutrients.
 Heterotrophs : require organic forms of carbon. A
Heterotroph can not synthesize organic molecules
from inorganic nutrients.
Nitrogen
 Nitrogen is needed for the
synthesis of such molecules as
amino acids, DNA, RNA and ATP .
Minerals
• Sulfur
Sulfur is needed to synthesizes sulfur-containing
.amino acids and certain vitamins
• Phosphorus
Phosphorus is needed to synthesize
phospholipids , DNA, RNA, and ATP . Phosphate
.ions are the primary source of phosphorus
• Potassium, magnesium, and calcium
These are required for certain enzymes to function
.as well as additional functions
• Iron
.Iron is a part of certain enzymes
With increase in concentration nutrition, growth rate of bacteria
increases up to certain level and then growth rate remains
constant irrespective of nutrition addition
Bacteria have a minimum,
Temperature optimum, and maximum
temperature for growth and can
be divided into 3 groups based
on their optimum growth
:temperature

Temperature

Hyperther
Psychrophils Mesophiles Thermophiles mophiles
5C - 15C- 25C - 45C 45C and 70
70C - 110C
• The lowest temperature that allows the growth is called minimum temperature
and the highest temperature that allows growth is called maximum temperature.
• There is no growth below minimum and above maximum temperature.
Gaseous
Oxygen and carbon-dioxide
are important gases that
affects the growth of
.bacteria
Obligate aerobes—which can grow:
only in the presence of oxygen (e.g.,
.P. aeruginosa)
Facultative aerobes—which are
ordinary aerobes but can also grow
.without oxygen (e.g., E. coli)
PH
6.9- 0 8.9 -7 11.9 -9
pH affects the ionic properties of
bacterial cell so it affects the
.growth of bacteria

Most of the bacteria grow at


neutral pH (7). However there
are certain bacteria that grow
.best at acidic or basic pH
Osmosis

• Osmosis is the diffusion of


water across a membrane
from an area of higher agua
concentration (lower solute
concentration) to lower
water concentration
(higher solute
concentration).
Osmosis

• water molecules are small enough to pass


between the phospholipids in the
cytoplasmic membrane, their transport
can be enhanced by water transporting
transport proteins known as aquaporins .
‫‪ -3‬إضافة عنوان للشريحة‬

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