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Electricity - 8th Grade

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37 views18 pages

Electricity - 8th Grade

Uploaded by

Mostafa Sabbah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ch 4

Electricity
BY
MUHAMMAD SHAFIQUE
Review of Previous
Lesson

● What is charge?

● How many types of charge?

● Where does charge come from?

● Why objects become charged?

● Why an atom is neutral?


What is Electrostatic
Charge?

● Electrostatic charge is a property of matter due to


deficiency or excess of electrons.
● There are two types: positive (+) and negative (-)
● Charges can attract or repel each other
● You can observe this when a rubbed balloon sticks to
a wall

Why do you think a balloon sticks to the wall after being


rubbed?
What is Electrostatic
Charge?

Why do you think a balloon sticks to the wall after being


rubbed?

When you rub the baloon against your clothes, you charge
it.
When baloon is charged it can repell the negative charges
on a wall.
This leaves positve charge, which produces attraction.
Atoms and
Charge
● Atoms are the building blocks of matter
● They contain protons (+), neutrons (neutral),
and electrons (-)

● Normally, atoms have equal numbers of


protons and electrons

● This makes them electrically neutral overall.

● If an object that has equal positive and


negative charges is neutral.
Atoms and
Charge
● Where does charge come from?

● Everything is made up of atoms. In a simple model


of an atom, protons and neutrons make up the
central nucleus. The electrons orbit the nucleus.
Atoms and
Charge
● In an atom the number of electrons, which are
negatively charged, is always the same as the
number of protons, which are positively charged,
so an atom has no charge overall. We say that it is
neutral. There is no net charge.
Charging Objects

● Objects become charged by transferring electrons


● Rubbing two objects together can cause this transfer
● The object that gains electrons becomes negatively charged
● The object that loses electrons becomes positively charged
Attraction
and Repulsion
● Like charges repel: positive-positive or
negative-negative
● Unlike charges attract: positive-negative
● This explains why charged objects stick to
neutral surfaces
● It also explains why your hair stands up after
rubbing a balloon
● Can you think of other examples where you've
seen objects attract or repel?
Moving Charges

● Region around any charge where another charge experiences a force.


This region is called Electric Field.
The Electric
Field
● Charges create an electric field around them
● This field exerts forces on other charged
objects
● The strength of the field decreases with
distance
● Electric fields explain how charges interact
without touching
Moving Charges

● In an insulator the electrons stay on the rod once you have rubbed it.

● If you rub a metal rod with a cloth it will also become charged, but the
metal is a conductor. Electrons can move in it.

● Any extra electrons will move through the metal to your hand, and
then through you to earth.
Conductors vs. Insulators

● Conductors allow electrons to move freely (e.g., metals)


● Insulators prevent electron movement (e.g., rubber, plastic)
● Charging works best with insulators
● Conductors quickly lose their charge to the ground
● Why do you think it's harder to charge a metal object by rubbing it?
Conductors vs. Insulators

● Why do you think it's harder to charge a metal object by rubbing it?

● If you rub a metal rod with a cloth it will also become charged, but the
metal is a conductor. Electrons can move in it.

● Any extra electrons will move through the metal to your hand, and
then through you to earth.
Everyday Electrostatic Phenomena
● Static cling in laundry
● Lightning during storms
● Spark when touching a doorknob
● Paper bits attracted to a charged comb
● Have you experienced any of these phenomena? What was it like?
Applications of
Electrostatics
● Photocopiers and laser printers
● Air purifiers and electrostatic
precipitators
● Spray painting
● Some types of particle accelerators

Can you think of other ways we might


use electrostatic forces in technology?
Safety with Static Electricity

● Avoid buildup in flammable environments (e.g., gas stations)


● Use antistatic mats and clothing in electronics manufacturing
● Ground yourself before handling sensitive electronic components
● Be cautious during very dry weather when static buildup is more likely.
Thank You

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