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Basic Introduction To C#

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22 views25 pages

Basic Introduction To C#

very nice material

Uploaded by

felmiket fikadu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic

Basic Introduction
Introduction to
to C#
C#
Why C# ?
• Native support for
– Namespaces
– Versioning
– Attribute-driven development
• Power of C with ease of Microsoft Visual
Basic®
• Minimal learning curve for everybody
• Much cleaner than C++
• More structured than Visual Basic
• More powerful than Java
C# – The Big Ideas
A component oriented language
• The first “component oriented” language in
the C/C++ family
– In OOP a component is: A reusable program that can be
combined with other components in the same system to
form an application.
– They can be deployed on different servers and
communicate with each other

• Enables one-stop programming


– No header files, IDL, etc.
– Can be embedded in web pages
C# Overview
• Object oriented
• Everything belongs to a class
– no global scope
• Complete C# program:
using System;
namespace ConsoleTest
{
class Class1
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
}
}
}
C# Program Structure
• Namespaces
– Contain types and other namespaces
• Type declarations
– Classes, structs, interfaces, enums,
and delegates
• Members
– Constants, fields, methods, properties, events, operators,
constructors, destructors
• Organization
– No header files, code written “in-line”
Simple Types
• Integer Types
– byte, sbyte (8bit), short, ushort (16bit)
– int, uint (32bit), long, ulong (64bit)

• Floating Point Types


– float (precision of 7 digits)
– double (precision of 15–16 digits)

• Exact Numeric Type


– decimal (28 significant digits)

• Character Types
– char (single character)
– string (rich functionality, by-reference type)

• Boolean Type
– bool (distinct type, not interchangeable with int)
Arrays
• Built on .NET System.Array class
• Declared with type and shape, but no bounds
– int [ ] SingleDim;
– int [ , ] TwoDim;
– int [ ][ ] Jagged;
• Created using new with bounds or initializers
– SingleDim = new int[20];
– TwoDim = new int[,]{{1,2,3},{4,5,6}};
– Jagged = new int[1][ ];
Jagged[0] = new int[ ]{1,2,3};
Statements and Comments

• Case sensitive (myVar != MyVar)


• Statement delimiter is semicolon ;
• Block delimiter is curly brackets
{ }
• Single line comment is //
• Block comment is /*
*/
– Save block comments for debugging!
Data
• All data types derived from
System.Object
• Declarations:
datatype varname;
datatype varname = initvalue;
• C# does not automatically initialize
local variables (but will warn you)!
Value Data Types
• Directly contain their data:
– int (numbers)
– long (really big numbers)
– bool (true or false)
– char (unicode characters)
– float (7-digit floating point numbers)
– string (multiple characters together)
Data Manipulation

= assignment
+ addition
- subtraction
* multiplication
/ division
% modulus
++ increment by one
-- decrement by one
strings
• Immutable sequence of Unicode
characters (char)

• Creation:
– string s = “Bob”;
– string s = new String(“Bob”);

• Backslash is an escape:
– Newline: “\n”
– Tab: “\t”
string/int conversions
• string to numbers:
– int i = int.Parse(“12345”);
– float f = float.Parse(“123.45”);

• Numbers to strings:
– string msg = “Your number is ” + 123;
– string msg = “It costs ” +
string.Format(“{0:C}”, 1.23);
Arrays
• (page 21 of quickstart handout)
• Derived from System.Array
• Use square brackets []
• Zero-based
• Static size
• Initialization:
– int [ ] nums;
– int [ ] nums = new int[3]; // 3 items
– int [ ] nums = new int[ ] {10, 20, 30};
Arrays Final
• Multidimensional

// 3 rows, 2 columns
int [ , ] myMultiIntArray = new int[3,2]

for(int r=0; r<3; r++)


{
myMultiIntArray[r][0] = 0;
myMultiIntArray[r][1] = 0;
}
Conditional Operators

== equals
!= not equals

< less than


<= less than or equal
> greater than
>= greater than or equal

&& and
|| or
If, Case Statements

if (expression) switch (i) {


case 1:
{ statements; }
statements;
else if break;
case 2:
{ statements; }
statements;
else break;
default:
{ statements; } statements;
break;
}
Loops

for (initialize-statement; condition; increment-


statement);
{
statements;
}

while (condition)
{
statements;
}

Note: can include break and continue


statements
Classes, Members and
Methods
• Everything is encapsulated in a class
• Can have:
– member data
– member methods

Class clsName
{
modifier dataType varName;
modifier returnType methodName (params)
{
statements;
return returnVal;
}
}
Hello World
namespace Sample
{
using System;

public class HelloWorld


{ Constructo
public HelloWorld() r
{
}

public static int Main(string[] args)


{
Console.WriteLine("Hello World!");
return 0;
}
}
}
Another Example
using System;
namespace ConsoleTest
{
public class Class1
{
public string FirstName = "Kay";
public string LastName = "Connelly";

public string GetWholeName()


{
return FirstName + " " + LastName;
}

static void Main(string[] args)


{
Class1 myClassInstance = new Class1();

Console.WriteLine("Name: " + myClassInstance.GetWholeName());

while(true) ;
}
}
}
Summary
• C# builds on the .NET Framework component
model
• New language with familiar structure
– Easy to adopt for developers of C, C++, Java, and
Visual Basic applications
• Fully object oriented
• Optimized for the .NET Framework
ASP .Net and C#
• Easily combined and ready to be used
in WebPages.
• Powerful
• Fast
• Most of the works are done without
getting stuck in low level programming
and driver fixing and …
An ASP.Net Simple Start
End of The C#

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