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MEMBERS

 JANHAVI GHOLAP [LEADER]

 SAKSHI KAD
 SAEE DHAVALE
 TUSHAR KHADE
 VAIBHAV DURGUDE
CONTENT

 INTRODUCTION
 MEANING
 DEFINITION OF MARRIAGE
 Function of Marriage
 TYPES OF MARRIAGE
 FUCTIONS OF MARRIAGE
 PROBLEMS
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCE
INTRODUCTION :

 Marriage is an institution which admits men and women to

family life.
 Marriage is an important and universal social institution of
society. As a social institution.
 It provides a recognised form for entering into a relatively
enduring heterosexual relationship for the bearing and rearing
of children.
 It is thus primarily a way of regulating human reproduction.
This reproduction, however, also has a sociological dimension.
 The right of sexual relationship, that universally accompanies
marriage, provides legitimisation to the children born in
wedlock; this legitimacy is of great importance in the matters
of inheritance and succession
meaning :

 Relationship between two people for their mutual

benefit.
 Ideally it is a consentual relationship between adults.
 The state of being united to a person as spouse in a
legal, consensual, and contractual relationship
recognized and sanctioned by and dissolvable only by
law.
 Marriage is the mix of love and a heartfelt
commitment between two people who promise to
stand by each other through life’s journey.
 It’s the union of hearts, a bond that goes beyond
friendship, making two souls partners for life.
Definition :

 Dr S. Radha Krishnan:
“marriage is not a mere
convention but an implicit
condition of human
society…it is an adjustment
between biological
purposes of nature and the
sociological purposes of
man…it is an institution and
a device for the expression
and development of love.
 FUNCTIONS OF
MARRIAGE

BIOLOGICAL
FUNCTION SOCIAL
FUNCTION

ECONOMIC
FUNCTION
 BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION

 The most important function of a marriage is to

beget children.
 The society gives recognition to children born out of
wedlock and the children thus born are ascribed
status as per the norms of the society.
 A society basically channelizes the sexual rights
through the institution of marriage and it helps in
mating within the rules and regulations as ascribed
by a society. This helps in maintaining the norms of
incest taboo also.
 Economic function

 In order to do away with the discrimination

of labour by sex, marriage comes in as a
protective measure wherein the men share
their produce with the wives.
 Marriage leads to an economic co-operation
between men and women ensuring the
survival of every individual in a society.
 Social function

 Marriage is the way to forming a family.

 A marriage sanctions the status of both husband
and wife in a society and thus, they are also
collectively accepted by society as husband and
wife.
 In many societies there are norms where only a
married person can take part in the rituals.
TYPES OF MARRIAGE

POLYGAMY

MONOGAMY
What is monogamy ?

 Monogamy is a form of marriage in

which the practice is to have only
one spouse at one time.
Monogamous relationship often
involve deep emotional
bonds ,trust,and commitment
between partners .
What is polygamy ?

 It is a form of marriage in which an individual

has more than one spouse at any given time, or
married to more than one individual.
 Many countries have laws against polygamy
viewing it as a violation of monogamous
marriage norms .
 However some places like certain muslim
majority countries allow polygyny under specific
conditions
Difference between polygyny and
polyandry

polygyny |
polyandry
Polygyny is the practice of Women having two or more
man having more than one husbands at the same same
wife simultaneously . time .it is less common than
polygyny and often arises in
specific cultural contexts .

Several religions such as islam Polyandry is less recognized and

permit polygyny under specific accepted legally compared to
conditions in islam the man is polygyny .
allowed to marry up to four
wifes if he can provide for
them equally.
HINDU
HINDU MARRIAGE

 THIS ACT CAME INTO 18 MAY 1955

 The Hindu has been given great importance to marriage since time
immemorial.
 Marriage is almost obligatory and unavoidable for an average Indian.
 Life without marriage is almost has stigma attached to those who
remain unmarried for long.
 Hindu marriage is a religious duty not a contract. Marriage is a matter
of religious duty for Hindus.
 MUSLIM
MARRIAGE
Muslim marriage
 THIS ACT CAME INTO EXISTENCE 17TH MARCH 1939.
 THE MUSLIM MARRIAGE ACT WAS DRAFTED INTO
THE INDIAN LEGAL SYSTEM IN 1954.
 Marriage among Muslim is universal and obligatory.
 Since the Muslim community discourages celibacy,
marriage has to be performed.
 It is true that marriage among Muslim is a civil
contract as it is meant for procreation of children
and legalizing sexual intercourse; it is a religious
duty also. It is considered an ‘ibadat’.
Age of marriage in all religion ?

 Christianity– its is 18 in many countries

though some allow marriage at 16 with
parental concern .
 Islam – no specific age is prescribed in the
quran it varies widely ,in many islamic
countries the legal age is set between 15
and 18 depending on local laws and
conditions
 Hinduism – traditionally age varies however
in india the legal age is 18 for women and 21
for men
 Buddhism- Buddhism does not prescribe a
specific age for marriage it is influenced by
local laws .
 Judaism – the age is not strictly defined
traditional jewish law may recognize
marriages from the age of 12 for girls and 13
for boys however legal marriage age follows
local laws usually 18 .
Problems created after marriage

 Communication issues – misunderstandings and

lack of open communication can lead to conflicts .
 Financial stress- disagreements over spending ,
saving and financial priorities can cause tension .
 Changing priorities –life changes such as career
shifts or parenting can alter priorities and cause
tension
 Intimacy problems – differences in sexual needs and
desires can create emotional distance .
ACTS ABOUT MARRIAGE

 THE PREVENTION OF SATI ACT 1829 :- THE GLORIFICATION OF THE

IDEAL OF ‘PATIVARATYA’ HAD LED TO THE IN HUMAN PTACTISE OF
SATI WIDOWS WERE OFTEN FORCED TO MAKE VOW OR ‘SANKALP’TO
DIE AFTER HIS HUSBAND . FAMOUS BRAHMO SAMAJIST SIR RAJARAM
MOHAN ROY TOOK UP THE CAUSE OF WOMEN AND IMPRESSED UPON
LORD BENTRACT WHO WAS THE BRITISH GOVERNER GENERAL OF
INDIA TO BRING OUT A LEGISLATION PROHIBITING THE PRACTICE OF “
SATI” .
 THE HINDU WIDOW REMARRIAGE ACT 1856 :- THOUGH WIDOWS
WERE SAVED FROM THE JAWS OF DEATH THEY WERE SUBJECT TO
EXPLOITATION AND HUMILATION PANDIT ISHWARA CHANDRA VIDYA
SAGAR BROUGHT PRESSURE ON THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT TO MAKE
LEGAL PROVISION FOR WIDOW MARRIAGES THE HINDU WIDOW
REMARRIAGE ACT OF 1856 WAS HENCE PASSED .
 THE CIVIL OR SPECIAL MARRIAGE ACT 1872 :- THE LEGISLATION
TREATED HINDU MARRIAGES AS A CIVILMARRIAGES AND PROVIDED
LEGAL FOR INTER CASTE ,INTER-RELIGIOUS AND EVEN
“REGISTERED”. THIS ACT WAS REPLACED BY THE SPECIAL MARRIAGE
ACT OF 1954 .ACCORDING TO THIS ACT THE PARTIES INTERESTED IN
REGISTERED MARRIAGE MUST NOTIFY THE MARRIAGE OFFICERS AT
LEAST ONE MONTH BEFORE THE DATE OF MARRIAGE .
 THE CHILD MARRIAGE RESTRAINT ACT 1929:- THIS ACT CAME INTO
EXISTENCE ON APRIL 1 ,1930 THE ACT RESTRAINT THE MARRIAGE OF
THE CHILD . ACCORDING TO THIS ACT MARRIAGE OF BOYS UNDER 18
AND GIRLS UNDER 14 YEARS OF AGE WAS OFFENSE . THE ACT WAS
AMENDED IN 1938 WHICH FURTHER RAISED THE AGE FOR BOYS TO
21 YEARS AND FOR GIRLS TO 18 YEARS .
 THE DOWRY PROHIBITION ACT 1961 :- THIS ACT WHICH PROHIBITS
THE PRATCICE OF DOWRY WAS PASSED ON 20TH MAY 1961 .
 THIS ACT WAS NOT APPLY FOR MUSLIMS IT PERMITS EXCGANFE OF
GIFTS FOR MORE THAN RUPEES 2000
 IT PRESCRIBES THE PENALTY OF 6 MONTHS IMPRISONMENT OR A FINE
UPTO RUPEES 5000 OR BOTH FOR ITS VIOLATION
 THIS ACT GOT AMENDED IN 1986 AND THEREAFTEER ITS RULES HAVE
BECOME STILL MORE STRATAINED
CHILD MARRIAGE

 Marriage before the age of 18 is a fundamental violation of human rights.

 Many factors interact to place a child at risk of marriage, including
poverty, the perception that marriage will provide ‘protection’, family
honor, social norms, customary or religious laws that condone the
practice, an inadequate legislative framework and the state of a country’s
civil registration system.
 While the practice is more common among girls than boys, it is a
violation of rights regardless of sex.
 Although the impact on child grooms has not been extensively studied,
marriage may similarly place boys in an adult role for which they are
unprepared, and may place economic pressures on them and curtail their
opportunities for further education or career advancement.
Reasons for child marriage in India:

 Customs and Traditions: Traditions like dowry put a lot of

stress on the family because the parents have to give a lot of
money, jewellery, land etc. for their daughter to get married.

 Poverty: Poor Families ‘sell’ their children through marriage to

pay off debts or to get out of the cycle of poverty.

 “Protecting” the Girl’s Sexuality: In some cultures, marrying a

girl young is thought to “protect” the girl’s sexuality and the
family’s honour.

 Discrimination based on gender: Child marriage is a

manifestation of discrimination against girls and women.
Conclusion

 Foundation of family : Marriage serves as the building block for

families and future generations .

 Commitment : It represent a lifelong commitment between partners

to support and love each other .

 Emotional stability : marriage provides emotional security and

stability for individuals .

Some PROS and CONS of marriage are given in above slide

 emotional support

shared health benefits

responsibilities

pros

legal rights
legal rights

stronger social networks

 loss of
independence

conflict potential financial strain

Cons
Expectation Risk of divorce
pressure

Changing
dynamics
Reference

 Mohd. Hayt V. Mohd. Nawaz AIR 1935 Lah. 262, the Hedaya 128-129.,
Baillie 138,151,352-358
 • W. Friedmann, 1970, Law in a Changing Society, lrst Indian reprint,
(Delhi, University Book House), at 174.
 • Swapna gosh v. Sadananda Ghosh, A.I.R. 1989 Cal. 1 at p. 3.
 • Ram, A. (1994). Indian social system.
 • Bottomore, T. B. (2010). Sociology (Routledge Revivals): A guide to
problems and literature. Routledge.
 • Rao, C. S. (2004). Sociology of Indian society. RSM Press.
 Chat smith
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