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Faults

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15 views21 pages

Faults

Uploaded by

Moses Tenoria
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2nd Quarter Lessons: Earth

Science
• The relationship between faults and
earthquakes.
• The formation of typhoons and their
movement within the PAR.
• Characteristics of comets, meteors, and
asteroids.
Lesson 2.1

Faults
Learning Objectives

At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able


to do the following:

● Describe faults.
● Determine the different types of faults.
Faults are breaks on earth’s
surface due to displacement
of rock layers. But not all
fractures are considered as
fault.

What are the


characteristics, parts, and
types of fault?
Learn about It

Tectonic Plates

● Large pieces of
rocks that makes up
the Earth’s crust

Earth is divided into several


tectonic plates
Learn about It

Asthenosphere
● Upper part of the
mantle

● Partly molten

● Allows the movement


of overriding plates
at relatively slow rates The layers of Earth
Learn about It

Faults
● Fracture along which
block of rocks have
moved

● Found at the boundaries


of tectonic plates

Fracture after an earthquake


Learn about It

Parts of a Fault
● Fault line serves as the
trace of the fault.

● Dip refers angle that the


fault cuts through the soil
layers.

Parts of a fault
Learn about It

Parts of a Fault
● Hanging wall blocks
refers to the portion
above the fault.

● Footwall blocks refers


to the surface below the
fault.
Parts of a fault
Learn about It

Different types of Faults


Dip-slip faults refer to faults where movement of
blocks is parallel to the dip of the fault surface

Dip-slip faults
Learn about It

Different types of Faults


● Normal fault is formed by
tensional stresses that pull
rocks apart hanging wall
moves down relative to the
footwall associated with
divergent plate boundaries.

Normal faults
Learn about It

Different types of Faults


Horsts and grabens are the
alternating uplifted and down-
dropped blocks.

● Horst refers to uplifted or


raised areas.

● Grabens refers to down-


dropped or lowered areas Horsts and grabens
Learn about It

Different types of Faults


● Reverse fault is formed by
the compressional forces
that push the plates towards
each other.

● Hanging wall moves upward


relative to the footwall.
Reverse fault
Learn about It

Different types of Faults


● Thrust fault is a type of
reverse fault whose dip is
less than 45 degrees.

Thrust fault
Learn about It

Different types of Faults


● Strike-slip fault is a
result of the sideways
movement of blocks of
rocks. Blocks move
laterally.

Strike-slip fault
Learn about It

Different types of Faults


Oblique fault has both the dip-slip and strike-slip
components formed by shear stress, and tensional or
compressional stress.

Oblique fault
Learn about It

Types of faults observed on a large scale

Strike-slip fault in Normal fault on the Reverse fault in the


San Andreas Fault coast of Somerset, Grands Causses in
England Bédarieux, France
Try it!
Experiment

It’s My Fault
Material:
● cardboard
● crepe paper
● scissors
● shoe box
● any kind of biscuits (ex.
cookies)
Tips

Remember that a break along rocks or rock layers must


have experienced slippage or displacement for it to be
classified as a fault. If there is no displacement present
in the rocks, the break is termed as a fracture.
Key Points

● Faults are breaks in rocks where slippage has occurred.

● Faults are composed of a fault line, dip, and blocks


that can either be a footwall or hanging wall.

● Faults can be classified as dip-slip fault, strike-slip fault,


and oblique fault.
Key Points

● Dip-slip fault has movement parallel to the dip in which


the hanging wall can move either upward or downward.
This can be categorized as normal and reverse fault.

● Strike-slip fault has the sideway movement of blocks. It


can either be left-lateral or right-lateral.

● Oblique fault has both dip-slip and strike-slip


components.

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