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Introduction Group Theory

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Aksh Khurana
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19 views13 pages

Introduction Group Theory

Uploaded by

Aksh Khurana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Group Theory

Contents
 Algebraic Structure
 Importance of Group Theory
 Binary operation
 Some Axioms
 Semigroup
 Monoid
 Group
 Examples

UCS405: Discrete Mathematical Structure 2


s
Algebraic Structure
The algebraic structure is a type of non-empty set
S which is equipped with one or more than one
binary operation.
Let us assume that * describes the binary
operation on non-empty set S. In this case, (S, *)
will be known as the algebraic structure. (Z, -),
(Z, +), (N, *) all are algebraic structures.
(R, +, .) is a type of algebraic structure, which is
equipped with two operations (+ and .)

UCS405: Discrete Mathematical Structure 3


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Why is Group Theory important?
Group theory is a unifying language that helps you
understand complex problems.

It's a fundamental part of abstract algebra and is


connected to many other areas of mathematics,
including number theory, algebraic geometry, and
rings and fields theory.

UCS405: Discrete Mathematical Structure 4


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Binary Operation
Let S be a non empty set. An operation * from *S to S is called
a unary operation.

Let S be a non empty set. An operation * from S*S to S is


called a binary operation.

UCS405: Discrete Mathematical Structure 5


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Axioms

UCS405: Discrete Mathematical Structure 6


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Axioms(Cont..)

UCS405: Discrete Mathematical Structure 7


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Semigroup and Monoid

UCS405: Discrete Mathematical Structure 8


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Group

A group is called an abelian group if it also satisfies


axiom

UCS405: Discrete Mathematical Structure 9


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Examples
The Set Z with addition i.e. (Z,+) is an abelian group.

 The Set Z with multiplication i.e. (Z, x ) is an monoid.

Let P(S) be a Power Set of Set S. P(S) together with


operation Union is commutative semigroup.

Set of rational numbers including 0 with division is not a


group because there is no rational number q for which
0/q = 1, so not every element has an inverse.
UCS405: Discrete Mathematical Structure 10
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Examples (Cont..)

UCS405: Discrete Mathematical Structure 11


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Examples (Cont..)

UCS405: Discrete Mathematical Structure 12


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