Scribd
Upload
28 views14 pages

Relationships and Functions

Uploaded by

Lorraine Sabbagh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
28 views14 pages

Relationships and Functions

Uploaded by

Lorraine Sabbagh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Functions and relationships

Contents Objectives: to be able to,

1. Turning equations into functions. • understand the difference between


functions and relationships,
2. The vertical and straight line test.
• test graphically for functions,
3. One to one relationships.
• understanding the difference between
4. Many to one relationships. many-to-one, one-to-many, and one-to-
one mapping.
5. One to many relationships.
Prior knowledge: you should already know
6. Restricting the domain.
how to,
7. Questions.
• understand the terms domain and
range,

• find the inverse of a function,

• use your GDC to graph lines and curves.


Changing the subject
Make x the subject of the equations below. Make a note of each equation as you will
need them for the rest of this lesson.
y 5
1. y 2x  5 x
2 Graph each equation, making a sketch of
each.

2 Consider turning each equation into a


2. y  x  3   4 x  y  4 3
function. Consider all the possible numbers
as the domain of each function.

1 1 A function exists if each number in the


3. y   2 x
x y 2 range maps to one number in the domain.
Which equations could be functions?

4. y  x  3 x y 2  3 A function has an inverse if each number in


the domain maps to a unique number in it’s
range.
Which functions have inverses?
5. y x 2  4 x  5 x  y  1 2
Confused? How do the graphs help us?
Horizontal and vertical Test 1
y 2x  5
This could be a function as each y
number in the range maps to one
number only for x. Does it have an inverse?

A vertical line test can be used to Yes, as each x number has a


verify that it could be a function. unique y number it maps to.
Can you draw a vertical line so that it
cuts the graph more than once? A horizontal line test can be used to
verify this.
No, so it is a function. Can a horizontal line be drawn so
that it cuts the graph more than
once?

No, so it is a function with an inverse.


Horizontal and vertical Test 2

2
y  x  3   4

It is a function.

It does not have an inverse


as the horizontal line cuts
through the curve twice.
Note that where the line cuts the curve, at this
point one y number maps to two x numbers.
Horizontal and vertical Test 3
1
y  2
It is a function. x

And it has an inverse.


Horizontal and vertical Test 4

y  x  3
It is not an inverse as a vertical line cuts through
the curve more than once.

Note that one x number, in this case 9, maps to two y-numbers.


Horizontal and vertical Test 5

y x 2  4 x  5

It is a function.

It does not have an inverse.


One to one relationships
f (x) 2 x  5, x   x 5
f  1 (x)  , x
2

3 1

-5 -15

-1 -7

9 13
5 5

All one-to-one relationships can be functions with inverses.


Many to one relationships
2
f (x)  x  3   4, x   f  1 (x)  x  4  3, x  

Put 4 into the inverse.


3 4
Put 8 into the inverse.
5 8
1 Try again,
4 could be -2
6
13
0

These types of relationships are called many to one. Many numbers in the domain can go
to the same number in the range. Look at another example.

Many-to-one relationships can be functions without inverses.


One to many relationship
y  x  3
Try again, x y 2  3

4 could be -2

1 2
-2

4
13
-4

These types of relationships are called one to many. One number in the domain can go to
different numbers in the range. Look at another example.

One-to-many relationships cannot be functions.


Restricting the domain
Consider the function f ( x) ( x -1)2 - 3, x  

Does this function have an inverse?

No, it is a one-to many relationship.

Can we alter the domain so that


the function will have an inverse?

Cut the graph at it's vertex.

f (x) (x -1)2 - 3, x 1.

Now we have a one-to-one function.


Restricting the domain

Consider the function g( x) x 2  4 x - 3, x k.


Find the smallest value of k such that the function has an inverse.

g(x) x 2  4 x - 3, x  2.

k 7

From the graph (or by completeing the square) we can see that the vertex is at (-2,7).
Questions
1. Look at each graph below. Classify as c)
either: a function with an inverse; a
function without an inverse; not a function.
a)

A function without an inverse

d)
Not a function

b)

A function with an inverse A function with an inverse


Questions

2. The function f ( x) ( x - 3)2  2, x k. 4. y x 3  2, x  


a) Given that f(x) has an inverse, find the
y  3x  2, x 1
value of k that gives the largest range possible.
y x 2  4 x  1, x  

k 3
Which of the above is,
b) State the range of f (x).
a) a one-to-many relationship,
range 2
y  3x  2, x 1
3. The function g( x) x 2  8 x  2, x k.
a) Given that g(x) has an inverse, find the b) a one-to-one relationship,
value of k that gives the largest range possible.
y x 3  2, x  
k 4
c) a many-to-one relationship?
b) State the range of g(x).
y x 2  4 x  1, x  
range  14

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy