Techniqu

es and
Performa
nce
Practices
What is a
medium?
It is defined as the material, or
the substance out of which a
work is made. Through these
materials, the artists express
and communicate feelings and
ideas.
 The medium also defines the
nature of the art form as follows:
Sculpt
ure
01 Guillermo Tolentino’s
Oblation Saints in Christian
churches by Santos

It uses metal, wood, stone, clay, and glass.

It is the branch of the visual art that
operates in three-dimension because it
occupies space and has a volume. One form
of sculpture is pottery and the notable
examples are Guillermo Tolentino’s Oblation,
Bulul woodcarvings from the Cordilleras and
carvings of saints in Christian churches by
Santos.
Bulul
 02
architect
ure
It uses wood, bamboo, bricks, stone,
concrete, and various building materials. It
is the art or practice of designing and Jose Rizal’s
constructing buildings. house in
Calamba
painti
ngs
03
It uses pigments like watercolor, oil,
tempera, textile paint, acrylic, ink on a
usually flat ground such as wood, canvas,
paper and stonewall used in cave paintings.

España y Filipinas (1884)

by Juan Luna
Print
04
making
It uses ink normally on paper but can also
be used on woods, metal plates, or
silkscreens. Prints is classified as two-
dimensional because they include the
surface or ground on which coloring
substances are applied. However, while
paintings are unique, prints can be
reproduced in several pre-determined
editions.
 05
Music
It uses sounds and instruments (including
the human voice), while the dancer uses the
body.
 06
Dance
It uses the body and its movements. Dance
is often accompanied by music, but there
are dances that do not rely on musical
accompaniment to be realized. Dance can
tell stories, but at other times, they convey
abstract ideas that do not rely on a
narrative.
theate
r
07
-artist integrates all the arts and uses the
stage, production design, performance
elements, and script to enable the visual,
musical, dance, and other aspects to come
together as a whole work.
 08
Photography and
filmmaking
It uses the camera to record the outside
world. The filmmaker uses the
cinematographic camera to record and put
together production design, sound
engineering, performance, and screenplay.
In digital photography and film, the images
can be assimilated into the computer, thus
eliminating the need for celluloid or
negatives, processing chemicals, or print.
 09
Writing
-of a novel, poetry, nonfiction, and fiction
uses words.
On the basis of medium, the arts can be
classified as practical, environmental,
pictorial, narrative, dramatic, and musical.
The musical arts include music, poetry
(those that have perceptible rhythm and
can be sung or danced to), and dance that
is accompanied by music. The practical
arts have immediate use for everyday and
business life such as design, architecture,
and furniture. Environmental arts occupy
space and change in its meaning and
Pictorial works include painting, drawing,
graphics and stage and production design
(lighting, dress, props, and set). Works that
are staged and performed are considered
Dramatic and they include drama,
performance art, or music and dance. If
they are based on stories, the art forms are
classified as narrative and they include
drama, novel, fiction, nonfiction,
music, and dance. If they are based on
As we have learned, all these art forms can
be integrated to Combined arts, such as
design, mixed media, photography, film,
video, performance art, theater
productions, and installations.
For example, a ritual involves the use of a
sculpture such as a bulul, a dance, music,
and production design that involves the
wearing of textiles, jewelry, and a circular
design where lighting can be as simple as a
When sitting or standing in a circle with
lead chanters, dancers, and musicians,
everyone is encouraged to dance and
participate. In our own ways, we become
part of the community and the creative
process, as active “artists” ourselves,
rather than just audiences or spectators.
The arts in such settings are integrated and
cannot be separated into distinct forms; art
is collectively consumed and created.
On the other hand, the UP Chapel is made
out of works made by individual National
Artists practicing in the various arts. The
architecture is by Leandro Locsin; the
crucifix is by Napoleon Abueva; the floor
mosaic is by Arturo Luz, and the Stations of
the Cross are by Vicente Manansala who
was assisted by Ang Kiukok. In 1968, the
chapel was the site of a performance
created by another National Artist, Jose
Maceda. His piece combined indigenous
What is
Technique?
is the manner in which artists
use and manipulate materials
to achieve the desired formal
effect, and communicate the
desired concept, or meaning,
according to his or her personal
style (modern, Neoclassic,
etc.). The distinctive character
or nature of the medium
determines the technique. For
example, stone is chiseled,
wood is carved, clay is modeled
and shaped, metal is cast, and
thread is woven.
 01
Stone is
chiseled
 02
Wood is
carved
 03
Clay is modeled
and shape
 04
Metal is cast
 05
Thread is woven
Technique involves tools and
technology, ranging from the
most traditional (for example
carving, silkscreen, analog
photography, and filmmaking) to
the most contemporary (digital
photography, digital filmmaking,
music production, Industrial
 Traditional
Technique
s
What are the traditional techniques?
Wood
01
carving
It is an art that has been practiced all over
the world but very avidly in Southeast Asia
where great pieces of woodwork have been
crafted throughout the ages. Siem Reap was
a center of arts for many years during the
Angkor Empire, with sculptures of Apsara,
Angkor tales and other stories regularly
adorning the royal compounds. Today, these
very same sculptures are made by
craftsmen and placed in hotels all over Siem
 02
Silk-screen
printing
Is one of the most popular printing
techniques, and is most-used by companies
when printing design onto products of
different sizes and materials. It has been
used for more than 100 years in the
commercial and artistic sector and is mainly
used for printing images and designs on T-
shirts, Tote bags, paper, wood, ceramics and
other materials.
 03
Analogue
photography
It refers to photography using an analogue
camera and film. A roll of film loaded into
the camera and the magic begins once you
start clicking: light interacts with the
chemicals in the film and an image is
recorded. The pictures collected in your film
roll come to life when the film is processed
in a photo lab
ng
04
Filmmaki
Film production is the process of making a
film. The direction or production of films for
the cinema or television is a visual
storytelling. Filmmaking involves a number
of discrete stages including an initial story,
idea, or commission, through screenwriting,
casting, shooting, sound recording and
reproduction, editing, and screening the
finished product before an audience that
may result in a film release and exhibition.
Filmmaking takes place in many places
around the world in a range of economic,
social, and political contexts, and using a
variety of technologies and cinematic
techniques. Typically, it involves a large
number of people and can take from a few
months to several years to complete.

Filmmaker is the one who takes the onus of

a feature film from beginning to end, and
most commonly fulfills the dual role of
Contempo
rary
Technique
s
What are the contemporary
techniques?
 01
Digital
photography
Uses cameras containing arrays of
electronic photodetectors to capture images
focused by a lens, as opposed to an
exposure on photographic film. The
captured images are digitized and stored as
a computer file ready for further digital
processing, viewing, electronic publishing,
or digital printing.
 02
Digital film
making
Is the norm these days, enabling filmmakers
to blend art and digital media and speed up
the process of filmmaking as well as be
more creative and enterprising in the
special effects department.
In short, more flexible digital cameras—
such as the Panasonic HVX 200 and the
RED One and Scarlet cameras—and editing
software such as Final Cut Pro Studio, have
made the cinematographer's and editor's
jobs easier and made it possible for
filmmakers to produce quality films at
much less expensive cost.
Music
03
production
It is the process of creating a recorded
music project. A record producer usually
handles music production, managing every
aspect. That can include being a critical part
of the creative process, such as deciding
what instruments are used and contributing
to song arrangements.
Since music production plays a vital role in
the quality of the final product, it can make
or break the success of an album. Record
producers give recommendations on which
songs are best to record; manage financial
aspects of recording; hire outside
performers, if needed; and work with sound
engineers in the recording process.
 04
Industrial
design
It is a combination of art and engineering;
drawing skills, creativity and technical
knowledge are critical. Industrial designers
usually choose to work on products in a
specific industry, such as the medical,
automobile, or technology industry.
 05
robotics
It is an interdisciplinary research area at the
interface of computer science and
engineering. Robotics involves design,
construction, operation, and use of robots.
The goal of robotics is to design intelligent
machines that can help and assist humans
in their day-to-day lives and keep everyone
safe.
 Artistic Skills
and Techniques
to
Contemporary
Art Creations
What are the Artistic Skills and
Techniques to Contemporary Art
Creations ?
 01
Collage
is the technique of an art
production used in the visual arts,
where the artwork is made from on
assemblage of different forms,
thus creating a new whole.
Collage may sometimes include
magazines and newspaper
clippings, ribbons, paints, bits of
colored or handmade papers,
portions of other artwork or texts,
photographs, and other
found objects, glued to a piece of
paper or canvas.
 02
Decollage
It is the opposite of collage;
instead of an image is being built
up all or parts of existing images,
it is created by cutting, treating
away, or otherwise removing
pieces of an original image.
The French word “Decollage” in
English means “Take-Off” or “To
become Unglued” or “To become
unstuck”. Examples of decollage
include cut-up technique. Similar
technique is the lacerated poster,
a poster in which one has been
placed over another or others,
 03
Graffiti
are writing or drawings that have
been scribed, scratched, or
painted illicitly on a wall or other
surface, often in a public space.
Graffiti range from simple written
words to elaborate wall paintings.
Graffiti may express underlying
social and political messages,
and a whole genre of artistic
expression is based spray paint
graffiti styles. An example of this
is the Singapore art Bridge just
beside the Oxford Hotel where
the writer stayed in their visit to
 04
Land art
Earthwork or earth art is an art
movement in which landscape and the
work of art are inextricably linked. It is
also an art form that is created in nature,
using natural materials such as soil, rock
(bedrock, bolders, stones), organic media
(logs, branches, leaves), and water which
introduced materials such as concrete,
metal, asphalt, or mineral pigments.
Sculpture is not placed in the
landscape rather, the landscape
is the means of their creation.
Often earth moving equipment is
involved. The works frequently
exist in the open located well
away from civilization, left to
change and erode under natural
 05
Digital Art
is an artistic work or practice that uses
digital technology as an essential part of
the creative or presentation process.
Digital art is placed under the larger
umbrella term new media art.
After some resistance, the impact
of digital technology has
transformed activities such as
paintings, drawing, sculpture, and
music/sound art, while new forms
such as net art. Digital
installation art and virtual reality
have become recognized artistic
practices. More generally the
Digital Art is a term applied to
contemporary art that uses the
method of mass production or
digital media. The techniques of
digital art are used extensively by
the mainstream media in
advertisement and by film-
makers to produce visual effects.
 06
Mixed Media
It refers to the artwork in the making of
which more than one medium has been
employed. It refers to a work of visual art
that combines various traditionally
distinct visual art media.
It refers to a work of visual art
that combines various
traditionally distinct visual art
media. For example, work on
canvas that combines paint, ink,
and collage. When creating a
painted or photograph work
using mixed media, it is
important to choose the layers
Many effects can be achieved by
using mixed media. Found
objects can be used in
conjunction with the traditional
artist to attain a wide range of
self-expression.
 07
Print Making
is the process of making artworks by
painting, normally in the paper. Prints are
created by transforming ink from a matrix
or through a prepared screen to a sheet
of paper or other material.
Common types of matrices
include metal plates, usually
copper or zinc, or polymer plates
for engraving o etching; stone
aluminum or polymer for
lithography; blocks of wood crafts
and wooden graving; and
linoleum for linocuts. Screens