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Solid Waste Management

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Chandan Singh
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139 views18 pages

Solid Waste Management

Uploaded by

Chandan Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SOLID

WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Chandan Kumar Singh
Ex-MBA(Project Management)
Roll No:-RDD2023125
Paper -Capstone Project
INTRODUCTION
• A waste can be defined as any unwanted and useless material.
• The waste can be either solid, liquid or gaseous.
• Solid Waste in general can be defined as ‘As a material which
has negligible value to the producer and there is no direct
consumption of the generated waste’.
• It is generated due to various activities that can be residual and
commercial, agricultural, etc.
• Whatever the origin, content or hazard potential is, solid waste
must be managed systematically to ensure environmental best
practices.
SOURCE
• S
There are many sour ces of solid wastes such

• Municipal solid waste – street sweeping, sewage treatment plant


as :
waste, waste from schools and other institution.
• Domestic waste – Garbage, rubbish, paints, paper, glasses, old
toys, old clothes, spoiled food, etc.
• Commercial waste – From different stores and offices.
• Mining – From coal mining, strip mining, etc.
• Agricultural waste – Fertilizers and pesticide containers, organic
waste, etc.
• Hospital waste – Disposable syringes, swabs, body fluids,
bandages, etc.
• Industrial waste – solvents, resins, metals, plastics, rubber,
leather, abrasives, sludge's, etc.
• E waste – Waste like wires, circuits, mobile phones etc.
EFFECT
•
S
Solid waste changes properties of soil, air, and water causing
pollution.
• Solid waste produces foul smell, breeds insects and
organism.
• Leads to spread of many diseases, infections, etc affecting
human and animal population.
• Harmful chemicals are released into the environment.
SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
• Solid Waste Management is defined as the discipline
associated with control of generation, storage, collection,
transport or transfer, processing and disposal of solid waste
materials.
• Solid waste management includes planning, administrative,
financial, engineering and legal functions in the process of
solving problems arising from waste materials.
• The primary goal of solid waste management is reducing
and eliminating adverse impacts of waste materials on
human health and environment to support economic
development and superior quality of life.
Functional Elements of the
Waste Management
System
• There are five functional components of the waste
management system as outlined below:
Waste generation
Onsite handling, storage and

processing Waste collection

Waste transfer and transport

Waste processing and recovery


SOLID WASTE
•
T R E A T M E N T
The pr oce ss ing met hod sa vailable
waste includes : Segregation , Reduction, Reuse and Recycling,
for management of solid
Chemical, Biological And Thermal Conversion, etc.
1. SEGREGATION
• Segregation or Waste sorting is the process by which waste is
separated into different elements.
• Waste segregation means dividing waste into dry and wet.
• Waste can also be segregated as
✔ 1. Biodegradable
✔ 2. No biodegradable
2. REDUCE, REUSE AND RECYCLE
• Reduction is the most important strategy of the three Rs. It
focus on the source of the waste, or where the waste is
originally coming from. Source reduction is carried out when
products are designed, manufactured, packaged, and used in a
way that limits the amount or toxicity of waste created.
• The second most important strategy of the three Rs is to
Reuse, which is when an item is cleaned and the materials are
used again.
Advantages of reuse :
✔ Reduced disposal needs and costs.
✔ Energy and raw material savings.
• The third R in the hierarchy is Recycle, which means
reprocessing of disposed material into new and useful products.
Advantages of recycling :
✔ Saves energy
✔ Conserves resources
3. CHEMICAL PROCESSING
• Chemical processing involves the chemical transformation
or conversion of organic fraction of wastes into various
useful compounds such as glucose, synthetic oils, gases, etc.
• e.g. glucose is recovered from wastes containing cellulose
(paper).

4. BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING
• It involves processes like composting, anaerobic conversion,
anaerobic fermentation and digestion.
• The products formed by these processes include compost,
methane, various proteins, alcohols, and a wide variety of
intermediate organic products.
A. COMPOSTING
• It is controlled biological decomposition of organic matter,
such as food and yard wastes, into humus.
• Composting is the natural process of 'rotting' or
decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms
under controlled conditions.
• It can be anaerobic and aerobic.
• This process takes about 4 to 6 weeks.

Benefits of composting :
✔ Provides nutrients to the soil.
✔ Increases beneficial soil organisms.
✔ Protects soil from erosion.
✔ Assists pollution remediation.
B. LANDFILLING
• A landfill site is a site for the disposal of waste materials
by burial and is the oldest form of waste treatment.
• Waste is directly dumped into mining voids or
borrow
• pits. Disposed waste is compacted and covered with
soil.
• Gases generated by the decomposing waste
1)materials are
Trench method
often burnt to generate power.
2) Area method
Landfilling can be done by three methods :
3) Ramp method
1. TRENCH METHOD 2. AREA METHOD
• The trench method consists • The area method is best
of an excavated trench into suited for flat or gently
which the solid wastes are sloping areas where some
spread, compacted and land depressions may exist.
covered. • The wastes are spread,
• The trench method is compacted and then
best suited for nearly level covered.
land where the water table
is not near the surface.
3. RAMP METHOD
• It is also know as depression method.
• The slope or ramp is sometimes used in combination with
the other two methods. The wastes are spread on an existing
slope, compacted and covered.

Advantages :
✔ Landfill site is a cheap waste disposal option.
✔ The gases given off by the landfill site could be collected and
used for generating power.
✔ Lots of different types of waste can be disposed of by landfill
in comparison to other waste disposal method.

Disadvantages :
✔ Landfills can pollute air, water and also the soil.
✔ Landfill can contribute to the global warming.
C. INCINERATION
• Incineration is a waste management technology that involves
the combustion of organic materials and/or substances.
• It is carried out at high temperature.
• The waste material is converted into ash, flue gases, particulates
and heat.
• Types of incinerators :
i. Moving grate
ii. Fixed grate
iii Fluidized bed
. Rotary kiln
iv.
Advantages :
✔ Less space requirement.
✔ Hygienic process.
Disadvantages :
✔ Expensive process.
✔ Special care required.
D. PYROLYSIS
• Pyrolysis is a thermochemical decomposition of organic
material at elevated temperatures in the absence of oxygen.
• It involves the simultaneous change of chemical
composition and physical phase, and is irreversible.
• External heat source is employed.it yields gaseous, liquid
and solid fractions.

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