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Matrices 4B 4C 4D

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18 views22 pages

Matrices 4B 4C 4D

Uploaded by

nishitejaspatel2014
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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4B Adding and Subtracting

matrices
Addition of Matrices
• Matrices are added by adding corresponding
elements.

We can only add matrices of the same order.


for two matrices A and B of the same order:

A + B = B + A

This is said to be commutative


• Subtraction of matrices is performed by subtracting
corresponding elements.

 We can only subtract matrices of the same order.


4C Scalar
Multipication
Scalar Multiplication
When a matrix is multiplied by a number, each element
of the matrix is multiplied by the number.

Number 3 in the term 3B is called a scalar


a) 2A b) 5B c) 2A + 5B
Example

To divide both sides by 5


1
- multiply by 5
Examples
Example
Find value of k k[ ][
5 4 35 28
=
3 2 21 14 ]
1) Do Scalar multiplication
[ ][
5k 4k 35 28
=
3k 2k 21 14 ]
2) Write down the first equation. 5k=35
35
3) Solve the equation for k. k=
5
k =7
4D Matrix Multipication
Multiplying Matrices
To multiply two matrices A and B
multiply the rows of A by the columns of B

Rules

•
We can only multiply matrices
•
if the number of columns in the first matrix

[ ] [ ] [ ]
is equal to the number of rows in the second one. 1 2
[ ]
•

1 2 5 5 1 1
1 2
1 2
× [ ]
1 1
2 2
=5 5
5 5
2 2
× 1 2 = No solution
1 2

(3 x 2) (2 x 2) ( 3 x 2) (2 x 2) (3 x 2)
If A is of order (m × n) and B is of order (n × p)
then A × B exists only if the number of columns
of the first matrix is the same as the number of
rows of the second.

The answer will have the order (m × p).

A x B = C
(m x n) (n x p) (m x p)
Elements of the Product
Matrix
When you multiply a row of the first matrix A, by a column of the
second matrix B, the numbers of the row and the column give the
position of the number in the product matrix C.

when you multiply the first row by the first column, you will find
element 1,1 in matrix C

when you multiply the first row by the


second column, you will find
element 1,2 etc.
Row times column
Take the first element in the row, and multiply by the first element in
the column.

Take the second element in the row, and multiply by the second
element in the column.

Add up your results .

3
[]
[ 1 2 ] × =[ 1×32×4 ] =[11]
4
To multiply one matrix by another, multiply
all rows of the first matrix by all columns of
the second one.
Properties of matrix
multiplication
In general, for two matrices A and B,

A× B≠ B× A
The order of multiplication does matter!!!

Compare:
[ ][ ][ ]
1 2 0 1 2 1
× =
3 4 1 0 4 3

[ ][ ][ ]
0 1 1 2 3 4
× =
1 0 3 4 1 2
Example

a) Write the order of the two matrices.


A is (2 x 3) B is (3 x 2)
b) Which of these products exist? i) AB ii) BA

i) AB is (2 x 3) (3 x 2) AB does exist
ii) BA is (3 x 2) (2 x 3) BA does exist
The summing matrix
A row or column matrix in which all the elements are 1 is called a
summing matrix.

Using matrix multiplication to sum the rows and columns of a


matrix
To sum the rows of an m × n matrix, post-multiply the matrix by an n ×
1 summing matrix.
To sum the columns of an m × n matrix, pre-multiply the matrix by a 1
× m summing matrix.

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