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Discussion 4

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29 views10 pages

Discussion 4

Uploaded by

DAR RYL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Discussion 4

Christine Zhou
Agenda
Announcements

Review

Worksheet (1, 2 for sure)


Announcements
● Proj 1A due last Friday (2/3)
● Guerrilla Section 1 happened! (2/4)
○ Worksheet/solutions posted on Piazza
● Proj 1B due this Friday (2/10) at 11:59 PM
● Lab is required this week! Proj 1 Code Reviews
● Attendance: shoutkey.com/found
Inheritance!
● interface, what is it?
○ Specification of what something is allowed to do, not how to do it!
○ Classes have to implement the interface (and therefore fill in all the methods)
○ Interfaces can have default methods, that are the same for all classes that
implement the interface

public interface Swimmer {


public void swim();
default public void bloop() {
System.out.println(“bloop”);
}
…
}
Inheritance!
● extends, what does it do?
○ Keyword that allows classes to extend other classes
○ All instance/static variables, methods, nested classes inherited
○ Constructor is not inherited, though super() will be called at the beginning of the
constructor implicitly (see next slide)
● Both of these represent is-a relationships, not has-a! (they represent
ideas like Goldfish is a Fish, not Goldfish has a tail!)

public class Fish { public class Goldfish extends


Fish {

… ...

} }
constructor() { constructor() {
this.hello = 10; super();
}
this.hello = 10;
}
● These are equivalent!

constructor() { constructor() {
this.hello = 10; super(10);
}
this.hello = 10;
}
● These are not equivalent!
Overloaded vs. Overridden
public class Fish { public class Goldfish
extends Fish {
…
...
public void bloop() {} public void
bloop() {}
} }
● Example of overridden methods! bloop in both the Goldfish and Fish
class
● Usually use “@Override” right above the method for clarity

public class Goldfish extends Fish {


…
public void eat() {}
public void eat(food) {}
Static vs. Dynamic
● Static type is determined at declaration, and never changes
(unless you re-declare)
○ Also known as compile-time type
● Dynamic type is determined at instantiation
○ Also known as runtime type
○ “new” keyword
○ Can change it to something else!
● Fish fishy = new Fish();
○ Static and dynamic type of fishy is Fish
● fishy = new Goldfish();
○ Static type of fishy is Fish, but dynamic type is Goldfish
● Good example (from lecture)
Dynamic Method Selection
● Occurs when a method is overridden (what does that mean
again?)
○ Overridden means there is a method with the same signature (name, args, return
type) in a class and the class/interface is extends/implements
● Chooses the method corresponding to the dynamic type (what
does that mean again?)
○ Dynamic type is determined at declaration, “new” keyword
Java’s Type Checking
● Checks types during compilation
● When calling methods and there is no overriding, use the static type
of the variable
○ Fish fishy = new Goldfish();
○ fishy.swim(); do we look at static or dynamic type when looking for “swim”?
● Variable assignment is based on compile-time type!
○ If Goldfish extends Fish, is this valid? Fish fishy = new Goldfish();
○ How about this? Goldfish fishy = new Fish();
● Can cast variables to change the compile-time type of the variable
(though can lead to more errors…)

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