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MODALS

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21 views11 pages

MODALS

Uploaded by

med
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© © All Rights Reserved
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MODALS

CAN/MAY/SHOULD/MUST…
MODALS VERBS
WORDS EXPRESS DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS

HAVE BEABLE
CAN’T CAN NEEDN’T
TO TO

Don’t
OUGHT
SHOULD MUST COULD TO NEED
TO

DON’T
MIGHT MAY HAVE MUST’NT HAD BETTER
TO
FUNCTIONS
• MAY
POSSIBILIT
• MIGHT
EX: Wydad may win the final match with Ahly.
Y
• COULD

CERTAINT • MUST
Y • CAN’T EX: He has been working since. He must be
tired.
He’s just had his lunch. He can’t be
hungry
• MUST
OBLIGATIO
N • HAVE TO EX: Muslims must pray five times a day.
FUNCTION
S • NEEDN’T
LACK OF • DON’T HAVE TO EX: Students needn’t attend all classes at the
NECESSITY
• DON’T NEED TO university.

• SHOULD
ADVICE • OUGHT TO EX: she looks pale. She should see a doctor.
• HAD BETTER

• CAN
ABILITY • BE ABLE TO EX: she can speak three languages fluently.
•
FORM
PAST PRESENT
FUTURE

MODA MODAL
L+ +VERB
HAVE INFINITI
+ P.P. VE
P O SS I B I L I T Y
MAY – MIGHT – COULD
POSSIBLE AND NOT SURE
PRESENT/FUTURE PAST
MODAL + VERB INFINITIVE MODAL+HAVE+P. PARTICIPLE

 For example:  For example:


Ali is absent today. why is Ali absent
I ask: Why is Ali today?
absent today? His classmates guess:
His classmates guess:  He might have overslept.
 He could be sick. (Maybe)  He may have missed the bus.
 He may be ill. (Maybe)  He could have forgotten about the
class
 He might be sleeping. (Maybe)
C E RTA I N T Y
MUST - CAN’T
90% SURE BASED ON EVIDENCE

PRESENT/FUTURE PAST
MODAL + VERB INFINITIVE MODAL+HAVE+P. PARTICIPLE

 For example:  For example:


 He passed the exam with
 She must have been sick
distinction today. He must yesterday, her face was
be happy. pale.
 He passed the exam with
 She can’t have lived in
the USA; she doesn’t
distinction. He can’t be
know a word in English.
sad.
O B L I G AT I O N
MUST –HAVE TO
PRESENT/FUTURE PAST
MUST/HAVE TO+ VERB INF. HAD TO + VERB INFINITIVE

 For Example:  For Example:


 Muslims must pray five  I had to go to bed earlier
times a day. yesterday, because I had a
 Children have to go to class early in the morning.
school.  N.B.: when MUST used in
the past, it expresses
CERTAINTY
L A C K O F N E C E SS I T Y
DON’T HAVE TO - DON’T NEED TO - NEEDN’T

PRESENT/FUTURE PAST
DON’T+NEED/HAVE+TO+VERB INF DIDN’T+NEED/HAVE+TO+VERB INF
NEEDN’T + VERB INFINITIVE NEEDN’T + HAVE +P. PARTICIPLE

 For example:  For example:


 University students don’t have to
 I didn’t have to wear my coat; it
wasn’t raining.
attend all classes.
 She didn’t need to be with him; he
 She doesn’t need to take
knows everything.
permission, she’s the boss.
 He needn’t have asked permission
 He needn’t learn English; almost from anyone, He was the headmaster.
all people in the United States
speak English.
ADVICE
SHOULD – OUGHT TO – HAD BETTER

PRESENT/FUTURE
MODAL + VERB INFINITIVE
 For Example:
 You look tired, you should have some rest
 It’s only 3 months left for the national exam, you’d better start by now.
 You ought to be careful while driving in the city.

N.B.: when SHOULD and OUGHT TO used in the past, they express either REGRET or
CRITICISM
 You should have revised well for the exam, it too late now. (criticism)
 We had an accident. We should have been more careful. (regret)
ABILITY
CAN/BE ABLE TO

PRESENT/FUTURE PAST
CAN+VERB INFINITIVE COULD+VERB INFINITIVE
AM/ARE/IS+ ABLE TO + VERB INF. WAS/WERE + ABLE TO + VERB INF.

 For Example:  For example:


 She can ride a bike with hands off.  He could speak three languages when
he was only ten.
 She is able to do all the job alone.
 She was able to do her homework
without my help, but she didn’t.
PRACTICE
 Rewrite the sentences using appropriate modals:
1. Perhaps he is on the way right now.
 He ………………………………………………………..
2. I’m not sure maybe he was busy.
 He ………………………………………………………..
3. It’s not necessary for us to buy all those things.
 We ………………………………………………………..
4. I’m certain he stole the necklace.
 He ………………………………………………….........
5. I’m sure he isn’t French.
 He ………………………………………………………...
6. He managed to solve the problem alone.
 He ………………………………………………………..
7. He know how to convince people easily.
 He ……………………………………………………......

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