Emergency

Response
Awareness Training

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 INITIAL RESPONSE
 Activate the fire alarm in case of a fire. Manual Pull down stations are located at emergency exits.

 In case of a spill or security incident, warn and evacuate personnel in the area of the incident.

 Report the emergency to your supervisor immediately.

 Secure area to warn and limit personnel entering/accessing it.

 Monitor area from a safe distance until emergency response team arrives to address the situation.

 Evacuate to the designated assembly point in case of a fire and/or when Incident Commander
instructs to do so.

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 INITIAL RESPONSE
If possible, take necessary actions to mitigate the situation without putting yourself in harms way.
• DO • DON’T
– Turn off equipment – Respond if you
– Close any valve if required – are unsure of actions necessary to
– Use a fire extinguisher to put out incipient mitigate the situation,
stage fire (fires requiring one extinguisher) – do not have personal protection
– Secure the scene equipment (PPE),
– Build a barricade around spilled material to – are untrained in emergency response
contain its flow procedures, or
– Stay with, help, and comfort an injured – do not feel safe
employee. – Fight fires beyond incipient stage
– Touch or open a suspicious package
– Get in contact with chemicals, blood, or
other bodily fluids

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 Managing a Typical Emergency

Prevention

Preparation

Response

Recovery
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 Prevention & Mitigation

• Prevention is the action taken to

decrease the likelihood that an
event or crisis will occur.
• Mitigation is the action taken to
eliminate or reduce the loss of life
and property damage related to an
event or crisis, particularly those
that cannot be prevented.
• Prevention and mitigation is
achieved through the application
of the risk management process.
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 Preparedness

• Preparedness takes the form of plans or procedures designed to save lives and
to minimize damage when an emergency occurs.
• Objective of the emergency plan is to
– prevent fatalities and injuries;
– reduce damage to buildings, stock, and equipment;
– reduce damage to the environment;
– accelerate the resumption of normal operations.

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 Objective of the Emergency Plan

• prevent fatalities and injuries;

• reduce damage to buildings, stock, and
equipment;
• reduce damage to the environment;
• accelerate the resumption of normal operations.

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 Potential Emergency Identification

Although emergencies are normally sudden events, their

occurrence can be predicted with some degree of certainty.
The first step is to find which hazards (both natural and workplace
/ human) which pose a threat to any specific workplace.
This can be achieved by conducting a “Emergency Preparedness
Assessment”

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 Emergency Preparedness Assessment
• how likely a situation is to occur
• what means are available to stop or prevent the situation and
• what is necessary for a given situation

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Emergency Preparedness Assessment
Natural Hazards and Incidents

Natural
Earthquake Rain
Cyclone Subsidence
High wind Temperature extremes
Flood Tidal wave
Fire of natural origin Volcanic eruption
Hail and snow Water
Landslide or mudslide Wind
Lightening

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Emergency Preparedness Assessment
Workplace / Human Hazards and Incidents
Elelctrocution Spills of flammable liquids
Bomb threat Release of toxic substances
Armed robbery Exposure to ionizing radiation
Electrical failure or
malfunction Loss of water supply
Machinery breakdown Loss of communications
Medical emergency Pollution
Fire and smoke Riot
Explosion Sabotage
Building collapse Spontaneous combustion
Major structural failure Terrorism

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Emergency Preparedness Assessment
Specific workplace risks - examples
Trench collapse Patient evacuation
Contact with overhead power Lift emergency
Plant rollover Lost tourist
Contact with electricity White water raft emergency
Fall arrest recovery

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 Emergency Preparedness Assessment

• Hazard Identification - Types of Hazards and

Incidents
• Identify Possible Impacts and Consequences
• Develop Emergency Responses
• Emergency Equipment and Resources

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 Preparation
• Planning for emergencies
–Emergency Planning Committee (EPC)
–Emergency Plan
–Emergency Response Procedures
–Emergency Control Organisation (ECO)
–Training
–Emergency Response Exercises
–Review and Maintenance

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 Emergency Planning Committee

• The EPC promulgates the emergency response plans and

procedures and appoints members of the ECO.
• Membership – representatives of the workplace (may include
members of the ECO)

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 Emergency Planning Committee
• EPC Responsibilities
– Ensuring an emergency preparedness assessment is undertaken for each building,
structure and workplace
– Determine hazards which warrant specific procedures within the emergency
management plan
– Develop and implement the emergency plan and response procedures
– Determine the number of ECO personnel
– Ensure that personnel are appointed to all ECO positions, especially the emergency
coordinator and chief warden
– Determine who will conduct firefighting, first aid, environmental safety actions and
shutdown procedures
– Organise training of the ECO personnel
– Ensure evacuation exercises are conducted at least annually
– Review the effectiveness of the evacuation exercises and arrange improvements
where warranted
– Monitor the specific procedures and controls for the management of emergencies
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 Emergency Plan
• Key Considerations
–The size and complexity of the facility
–Fire engineered or life safety features of the facility
–Security systems, procedures and protocols
–The number and nature of occupants and visitors
–The hours of occupancy. Cover times when there are only a few
persons in the building (e.g. cleaners)
–Consider methods of communication
–Consider persons with disabilities
–Need to be varied for different circumstances (e.g. fire or bomb)
–Be kept as simple as possible

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 Emergency Plan
• A clear statement of purpose and scope
• Information on the structure and purpose of the EPC
• Identification of the facilities to which it applies
• Descriptions of the fire safety and emergency features of the
facility
• The organisational arrangements for the facility.
• Separate sections for the following:
– Emergency identification (Emergency Preparedness Assessment)
outcomes
– Emergency response procedures
– Evacuation diagram/s
• Training arrangements
• A statement of the extent of distribution of the emergency plan
• A record of distribution
• Details of the hours of occupancy
• The EPC nominated validity period for the emergency plan
• The date of issue or amendment date
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Emergency Diagram

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 Emergency Response Procedures

To be included in documented procedures

– Responsibilities and duties of the ECO and the actions they are to take
– Responsibilities and duties of occupants and the actions they are to take
– Instructions on evacuation
– Instruction for coordinating the evacuation
– The arrangements for emergency preparedness and response.
• Method for coordinating the alarm
• Method of operating fire fighting or other equipment
– Current emergency contact details
– Post Emergency actions

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 Emergency Response Procedures
Consider
• After hours • Control and
• Evacuation routes coordination
• Persons with disabilities • Communications
• Lifts and escalators
• First Aid Personnel
• Accounting for people
• Assembly areas
• Emergency Response
• Receptionist /
Equipment
Switchboard operator • Lift Safety Features
• Floor / Area Marshalling • Security Guards /
• Restrictions of vehicle Specialist Staff
movement • Other Considerations

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Emergency Control Organisation
• Number of members depends on size organisation
• Generally includes
– Chief Fire Warden
– Communications Officer
– Floor or Area Wardens
– Wardens
– Deputies
• Emergency response procedures include roles and responsibilities
• During emergencies, instructions given by the emergency control organization (ECO)personnel shall take
precedence over the normal management structure.

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 White Yellow Red Green
• Chief • Floor • Warden Cross on
Warden Warden White
• Deputy • Area
• First Aid
Chief Warden
Personnel
Warden
• Comms
Officer

Other ways to identify

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themselves are armbands,
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Training
What
• Evacuation plans,
• Alarm systems,
• Reporting procedures for personnel,
• Shutdown procedures, and
• Types of potential emergencies.
• Specialist Training

When
• Initially when the plan is developed,
• For all new employees,
• When new equipment, materials, or processes are
introduced,
• When procedures have been updated or revised,
• When exercises show that employee performance must be
improved
• At least annually. www.inima.com 27
Training
What
• Evacuation plans,
• Alarm systems,
• Reporting procedures for personnel,
• Use of emergency equipment (inc fire fighting equipment)
• Shutdown procedures, and
• Types of potential emergencies.
• Specialist Training (EPC, ECO, specialist emergency response)

When
• Initially when the plan is developed,
• For all new employees,
• When new equipment, materials, or processes are introduced,
• When procedures have been updated or revised,
• When exercises show that employee performance must be
improved
• At least annually. www.inima.com 28
Emergency Equipment, Facilities and Alarms
• Emergency Reporting
• Emergency Alerting
• Emergency Intercommunication
• Emergency Warning and
Intercommunication Systems
(EWIS)

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Emergency Equipment and Facilities

Fire Hazardous Materials

• Fire extinguishers • Gas detectors
• Fire blankets • Self contained breathing
• Hose reels apparatus
• Sprinkler systems • Spill kits
• Smoke alarms • Splash suits and coveralls
• Smoke extraction systems • Specialised alarms
• Stairwell pressurisation • Automatic closing doors and
• Smoke doors atmosphere extraction
• Smoke barriers • Specialised PPE
• Fire compartments • Emergency showers/eye
washers

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Emergency Equipment and Facilities

General
• Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
• Emergency barrier tape
• Signs
• Gloves
• Enclosed footwear
• Safety glasses
• Fire control panels
• Manual alarms

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Emergency Equipment and Facilities

First Aid
• First aid Kits
• Automatic Defibrillators
• Eye Wash and shower
equipment
• First aid room

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After the Emergency

• Debrief with personnel involved

• Review the use of equipment
• Identify equipment used
• Report the use of the equipment
• Record the use of equipment
• Report any lost or damaged equipment
• Report any equipment that needs replacement
• Service used equipment
• Ensure all equipment is in a ready state

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Recovery from Emergencies
Just because an emergency has been controlled does not
mean it is back to business as usual. An extensive recovery
action may need to be taken. This may take longer and be
more complex than the control of the emergency itself.

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Emergency Plan Evaluation and
Review (Drills)

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Review and Maintenance

• Review Emergency Preparedness

Assessment
• Review Emergency Plan
• Review Emergency Procedures
• Conduct maintenance and inspections
of all emergency facilities and
equipment as required legislation,
standards or by manufacturers
instructions
• Include emergency facilities and
equipment in internal WHS inspection
regimes

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Questions ????

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