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Micro Array

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16 views8 pages

Micro Array

h

Uploaded by

aribasiddiqui26
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GENE EXPRESSION

Gene expression
• Gene expression is the process by which
information from a gene is used to synthesize a
functional gene product, typically proteins.
• During the process of gene expression DNA is first
copied into an mRNA molecule which determines
the amino acid sequence of a molecule of protein.
Gene expression
• Gene expression refers to proteins synthesis through
two major events, transcription and translation.
• DNA itself cannot directly order for the synthesis of
amino acids but forms its transcripts first which is
then translated into protein.
• Sequential transfer of information from DNA to
protein via RNA is known as central dogma.
MICROARRAY
• Microarrays are a powerful tool used in genomics and molecular
biology to analyze gene expression and genetic variation.
• It is used to identify which genes are active in a particular cell type,
condition, or developmental stage.
• They consist of a small solid surface, usually a glass slide, onto which
thousands of DNA probes/DNA chips are attached in a grid-like
pattern.

(A DNA probe is a single-stranded segment of DNA that is labeled


with a fluorescent or radioactive tag and used to detect specific
sequences of nucleotides in a sample)
PROCEDURE
• Sample Preparation: RNA is extracted from the biological sample of interest (e.g.,

tissues, cells). This RNA is then converted into complementary DNA (cDNA).

• Labeling: The cDNA is labeled with fluorescent dyes. Different samples can be labeled

with different colors.

• Hybridization: The labeled cDNA is applied to the microarray, where it hybridizes

(binds) to the complementary DNA probes on the slide.

• Scanning: The microarray is scanned with a laser that excites the fluorescent dyes,

allowing detection of the hybridized cDNA.

• Data Analysis: The intensity of the fluorescence at each spot on the microarray

corresponds to the amount of RNA (or gene expression) present, which is then analyzed

using specialized software.


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