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Pointers 2

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5 views18 pages

Pointers 2

Uploaded by

adityak240206
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Pointers

Part 2
POINTERS
• Pointers play an important role when used as parameters in
function calls
• The following is an old example:

• The swap(int a, int b) function is intended to swap the values


of a and b
• However, the value of a and b do not change in main(), they
are only swapped in swap()
Take away from the example
• Passing int/float/char as parameters does not allow passing
“back” to calling function
• Any changes made to these variables are lost once the function
returns
Take away from the example
• Passing int/float/char as parameters does not allow passing
“back” to calling function
• Any changes made to these variables are lost once the function
returns
• Pointers will help us solve this problem
Changed program
Changed program

1. The function swap() uses pointer to integer arguments, int *ptra and int
*ptrb
2. The main() function calls swap(&a, &b)
3. It passes the addresses of the ints it wishes to swap
Trace the swap function

a 1 b 2

&a 0x10 &b 0x200


24 0
Trace the swap function

a 1 b 2

&a 0x10 &b 0x200


24 0

main ()

swap()
t
Trace the swap function

a 1 b 2

&a 0x10 &b 0x200


24 0

main ()

swap()
t 1
Trace the swap function

a 1 b 2

&a 0x10 &b 0x200


24 0

main ()

swap()
t 1
Trace the swap function

a 1 b 2

&a 0x10 &b 0x200


24 0

main ()

swap()
t 1
TRY: Other methods to swap
two numbers
1. XOR operator (without using temporary variable)
2. Using #define macro
3. Using Arithmetic operators (+ -) without using
temporary variable.
Solution
1. XOR operator (without using temporary variable)

2. Using #define macro

3. Using Arithmetic operators (+ -) without using


temporary variable
Visual Representation
x is an int variable
45FD 53 x that contains the
value 53
8CF2 45FD px

px is a pointer to int that


contains the address of x
y is a char variable
839B ‘H’ y that contains the
character ‘H’
8BF9 839B py

py is a pointer to char
that contains the address
of y
Pointer to a Pointer
• If we have a pointer P to some memory cell, P is also stored
somewhere in the memory
• So we can also talk about address of block that stores P.
int x=53;
45F 53 x
D
int x=53;
int *px=&x;
B4F 45F px 45F 53 x
7 D D
int x=53;
int *px=&x;
int **ppx=&px;

8BF B4F ppx B4F 45F px 45F 53 x


9 7 7 D D

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