Group 6 BSHM A

Arellano, Leonel Kurt

Cardenas, Bernadeth
Dawan, Melrose
Supsup, Julliene
Umatan, Danica Jhody
Zinampan, Maria Isabel
 JOSE RIZAL AND
PHILIPPINE
NATIONALISM:
NATIONAL SYMBOLS
 Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students should be
able to:
● 1. Examine the values highlighted by the
various representations of Rizal as a national
symbol;
● 2. Advocate the values Rizal’s life
encapsulates; and
● 3. Critic and become familiar with the national
symbols of the country.
Selection
and
Proclamati
on of
National
Executive Order No. 75, 1993
(Executive Summary)
No law, executive order or proclamation
has been enacted or issued officially proclaiming
any Filipino historical figure as a national hero.
However, because of their significant roles in the
process of nation building and contributions to
history, there were laws enacted and
proclamations issued honoring these heroes.
.
Executive Order No. 75, 1993
(Executive Summary)
Even Jose Rizal, considered as the greatest
among the Filipino heroes, was not explicitly
proclaimed as a national hero. The position he
now holds in Philippine history is a tribute to the
continued veneration or acclamation of the
people in recognition of his contribution to the
significant social transformations that took place
in our country.
Executive Order No. 75, 1993
(Executive Summary)

Aside from Rizal, the only other hero given

an implied recognition as a national hero is
Andres Bonifacio whose day of birth on
November 30 has been made a national holiday.
Executive Order No. 75, 1993
(Executive Summary)
Despite the lack of any official declaration
explicitly proclaiming them as national heroes,
they remain admired and revered for their roles
in Philippine history. Heroes, according to
historians, should not be legislated. Their
appreciation should be better left to
academics. Acclamation for heroes, they felt,
would be recognition enough
 The National Heroes
Committee
On March 28, 1993, President Fidel V. Ramos
issued Executive Order No.75 entitled “Creating the
National Heroes Committee Under the Office of the
President”. The principal duty of the Committee is
to study, evaluate and recommend Filipino national
personages/heroes in due recognition of their
sterling character and remarkable achievements for
the country.
Criteria For
National
Heroes As
Determined
By The
National
Committee Created by Executive
Order No. 75, 1993
The Technical Committee of the National Heroes
Committee held a series of meetings on June 3, 1993,
August 19,1993, September 12, 1994, and November 15,
1995, defining, discussing and deliberating upon the
merits of the various definitions and criteria of a hero.
The Committee adopted the following criteria as basis for
historical researchers in determining who among the
great Filipinos will be officially proclaimed as national
heroes:
 Criteria for National Heroes
(Adopted by the Technical Committee of the
National Heroes Committee on June 3, 1993,
Manila. Members of the Committee included Drs.
Onofre D. Corpuz, Samuel K. Tan, Marcelino
Foronda, Alfredo Lagmay, Bernardita R.
Churchill, Serafin D. Quiason, Ambeth Ocampo,
then known as Dom Ignacio Maria, Prof. Minerva
Gonzales and Mrs. Carmen Guerrero-Nakpil)
 Criteria for National Heroes
1. Heroes are those who have a concept of
nation and thereafter aspire and struggle for
the nation’s freedom. Our own struggle for
freedom was begun by Bonifacio and
finished by Aguinaldo, the latter formally
declaring the revolution’s success. In reality,
however, a revolution has no end.
Revolutions are only the beginning. One
cannot aspire to be free only to sink back
into bondage.
 Criteria for National Heroes
2. Heroes are those who define and
contribute to a system or life of freedom and
order for a nation. Freedom without order
will only lead to anarchy. Therefore, heroes
are those who make the nation’s constitution
and laws, such as Mabini and Recto. To the
latter, constitutions are only the beginning,
for it is the people living under the
constitution that truly constitute a nation.
 Criteria for National Heroes
.

3. Heroes are those who contribute to

the quality of life and destiny of a
nation. (As defined by Dr. Onofre D.
Corpuz)
 Additional Criteria for Heroes
(Adopted by the Technical Committee of the
National Heroes Committee on November 15, 1995,
Manila)
1. A hero is part of the people’s expression. But
the process of a people’s internalization of a
hero’s life and works takes time, with the youth
forming a part of the internalization.
2. A hero thinks of the future, especially the
future generations.
 Additional Criteria for Heroes
3. The choice of a hero involves not only the recounting
of an episode or events in history, but of the entire
process that made this particular person a hero. (As
defined by Dr. Alfredo Lagmay)
On November 15, 1995, the Technical Committee after
deliberation and careful study based on Dr. Onofre D.
Corpuz’ and Dr. Alfredo Lagmay’s criteria selected the
following nine Filipino historical figures to be
recommended as National Heroes:
 Jose Rizal

Awakened the Filipino nationalism by his novels Noli Me

Tangere and El Filibusterismo and offered his life for the
freedom of the Philippines.
 Andres
Bonifacio
Bonifacio founded the Katipunan, a secret society which
spearheaded the uprising against the oppressive Spanish rule. It
was the groundwork for the first Philippine Republic. He faced a
trial for acts inimical to the existence of the new government and
was sentenced to death by a military tribunal.
 Emilio
Aguinaldo
Filipino leader and politician who fought first against
Spain and later against the United States for the
independence of our country.
The first President of the Philippines
 Apolinario
Mabini
 Filipino theoretician
 Spokesman of the Philippine revolution
 Writer of the short-lived republic of 1898-99
constitution
 Marcelo
H. Del
Pilar

 Father of Philippine Journalism

 He established the Diariong Tagalog
 Advanced the goal of propaganda movement
 Sultan
Dipatuan
Kudarat
 Sultan of Maguindanao in the Philippines who successfully opposed the Spaniards
who attempted to conquer his land during his reign.
 The hindrance to the Christianization of the island of Mindanao much like the other
Muslim rulers of the southern Philippine Archipelago.
 A direct descendant of Shariff Kabungsuwan, a Malay-Arab missionary who
brought Islam to the Philippines between the 13th and 14th century.
● Tributes and trivia: The province of Sultan Kudarat is named after this brave
Filipino, together with the Municipality of Sultan Kudarat, Maguindanao, where his
descendants of datus and rulers remain to be political leaders.
 Juan Luna

 Greatest Filipino painter

 Spolarium was his greatest masterpiece
 A sculptor and political activist
● Tributes and trivia: Luna’s most revered artwork, “The Spolarium”
is held in prominent display at the National Museum.
 Melchora
Aquino
 Grand woman of the revolution
 Mother of Balintawak
 She is best remembered for her heroics during the revolution and is memorialized in
many ways in recognition of her contributions
● Tributes and trivia: A district and road expanse in Quezon City had been named after
Tandang Sora. She was also commemorated in the five-centavo coin, which existed from
1967 to 1992; and is considered the very first Filipina to be featured on Philippine peso
banknote, in this case, a 100-peso bill from the English Series (1951 to 1966).
 Gabriela
Silang

 The first Filipina to lead an uprising against a foreign power

 A fearless warrior and a great leader.
● Her fighting spirit and leadership inspire people to fight
colonialism.
 Laws Honoring/ Commemorating Filipino
Historical
 Decree of December 20, 1898, Figures
issued by General Emilio Aguinaldo, declared December 30
of every year a day of national mourning in honor of Dr. Jose Rizal and other victims of the
Philippine Revolution.
 Act No. 137, which organized the politico-military district of Morong into the Province of
Rizal, was the first official step taken by the Taft Commission to honor our greatest hero
and martyr.
 Act No. 2946, enacted by the Philippine Legislature on February 16, 1921, made November
30 of each year a legal holiday to commemorate the birth of Andres Bonifacio
 Act No. 2760, issued on February 23, 1918, confirmed and ratified all steps taken for the
creation, maintenance, improvement of national monuments and particularly for the
erection of a monument to the memory of Andres Bonifacio
 Act No. 3827, enacted by the Philippine Legislature on October 28, 1931, declared the last
Sunday of August of every year as National Heroes Day.
 Proclamation No. 510, issued by Pres. Fidel V. Ramos on November 30, 1994 , declared the
year 1996 as the year of Filipino Heroes as a tribute to all Filipinos who, directly and
indirectly, gave meaning and impetus to the cause of freedom, justice, Philippine
independence and nationhood.
 Laws Honoring/ Commemorating Filipino
Historical Figures
 R.A. No. 9070, April 8, 2001, declaring the eighteenth of December of every year as a special working
public holiday throughout the country to be known as the Graciano Lopez-Jaena Day
 R.A. No. 6701, February 10, 1989, declaring September One of every year, the death anniversary of
Gregorio Aglipay y Labayan, as Gregorio L. Aglipay Day and a special non-working holiday in the
Municipality of Batac, Province of Ilocos Norte
 R.A. No. 7285, March 24, 1992, declaring February Nineteen of each year as Doña Aurora Aragon
Quezon Day a special nonworking holiday in the Province of Aurora in order to commemorate the
birth anniversary of Doña Aurora Aragon Quezon, the first President of the Philippine National Red
Cross, and Foundation Day of the Province
 R.A. No. 7805, September 1, 1994, declaring January 28 of every year as a non-working special public
holiday in the City of Cavite to be known as Julian Felipe Day
 R.A. No. 7950, March 25, 1995, declaring December Eighteen of every year as “Araw ng Laguna” and
a special working day in the Province of Laguna and the City of San Pablo to commemorate the
memory and death of the late Governor Felicisimo T. San Luis
 R.A. No. 9067, April 8, 2001, declaring April 15 of every year as President Manuel A. Roxas Day which
shall be observed as a special working public holiday in the Province of Capiz and the City of Roxas
Other
Heroes
 General Gregorio
Del Pilar
Hero of Tirad Pass. Born on November
14, 1875, in Bulacan, Bulacan. Died of
December 2, 1899, in the battle of Tirad
Pass, to enable Aguinaldo to escape
from the Americans. One of the
youngest and bravest generals ever
produced by the Philippines.
 Apolinario Mabini
Sublime paralytic and the brain of the
revolution. Born in Talaga, Tanauan,
Batangas, on June 22, 1864. He joined
La Liga Filipina in 1892 and
Aguinaldo's revolutionary government
from June 1898 to May 1899. He was
captured by the American forces in
December 1899 and deported to Guam
in January 1901. He died in Manila on
May 13, 1903
 Gomburza
(Mariano Gomez,
Jose Burgos &
Jacinto Zamora)
Three intellectuals who crusaded
for reform. Father Jose Burgos
Killed by garrote in Bagumbayan,
Manila on February 17, 1872, for
allegedly instigating the Cavite
mutiny.
 General Antonio
Luna
The greatest general of the revolution.
Younger brother of Juan Luna, the famous
painter. Editor of La Independencia, whose
first issue came out on September 3, 1898.
Born in Binondo, Manila, on October 29, 1866.
He was one of the propagandists in Spain
who were working for political reforms in the
Philippines. He contributed articles to La
Solidaridad. He was assassinated in
Cabanatuan City, on June 5, 1899.
 Graciano Lopez
Jaena
Founder and first editor of the
newspaper La Solidaridad, which
became the vehicle of expression for
Filipino propaganda in Spain. Together
wtih Jose Rizal and Marcelo H. Del
Pilar, he undertook propaganda
campaigns in Spain. Born in Jaro,
Iloilo, on December 18, 1856. He died
on January 20, 1896, in Barcelona,
Spain.
 Panday Pira
First Filipino cannon-maker. He
forged the cannons which Rajah
Sulayman used in defending the
Muslim Kingdom of Manila
against the Spanish invaders.
Born in one of the islands in
Southern Philippines in 1483. He
died in 1576.
 Mariano Ponce
Researcher, historian,
bibliographer, propagandist,
diplomat, physician, folklorist,
and an outstanding reformist.
Born in Baliwag, Bulacan, on
March 23, 1863. While in Spain,
he joined the propaganda
movement and became one of
the initiators of La Solidaridad,
later becoming its managing
editor. Died in HongKong on May
 Gregorio De Jesus
One of the brave and patriotic women
who played a heroic role in the
Philippine revolution. Born in
Kalookan City, on May 9, 1875. Wife of
Andres Bonifacio and Lakambini of the
Katipunan. She actually fought
alongside her husband during the
revolution, aside from being the
custodian of the Katipunan
documents. She organized the
Katipunan's Women Chapter. She died
on March 15, 1943.
 Fernando Ma.
Guerrero
Musician, journalist, politician, and
lawyer. Considered the greatest
lyric poet in Spanish. Born in
Ermita, Manila, on May 30, 1873.
When the revolution broke out,
General Antonio Luna invited him
to join the editorial staff of La
Independencia, the organ of the
revolution. Thus, he fought for the
Filipino cause with his pen. Died in
Manila June 12, 1929
 Felipe Agoncillo
Outstanding diplomat of the
Philippine revolution. Born in
Taal, Batangas, on May 26, 1859.
Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo appointed
him as Minister Plenipotentiary
to the peace conference in
Washington and Paris. Died on
September 29, 1941, at the
Manila Doctor's Hospital.
 Leona Florentino
First poetess of the
Philippines. Born in Vigan,
Ilocos Sur, on April 19, 1849.
Her poems were given
international recognition at
the Exposicion in Madrid in
1887 and in Paris in 1889.
Died on October 4, 1884.
 Artemio Ricarte
The unconquerable hero of the
revolution. Born in Batac,
Ilocos Norte, on October 20,
1866. Known as Viborra, he
was a gentle public school
teacher who became a dashing
revolutionary general. Died in
the jungles of Sierra Madre on
July 31, 1945.
 Isabelo Delos
Reyes
Last of the propagandists. Gifted son
of Leona Florentino, first poetess of
the Philippines. Born in Vigan, Ilocos
Sur, on July 7, 1864. He aroused the
hostility of the friars and government
officials when he openly criticized the
evils of the Spanish rule and he
advocated reforms. He was the
founder of the first Philippine labor
union, as well as the first independent
Filipino Catholic church. Died on
 Jose Palma
Poet and soldier. Born in Tondo,
Manila, on June 3, 1876. Younger
brother of Dr. Rafael Palma. He
was a staff member of La
Independencia. He wrote
Filipinas, a patriotic poem in
Spanish, which became the lyrics
of the Philippine National
Anthem. Died in Manila, on
February 12, 1903.
 Rajah Sulayman
The last rajah of Manila,
noted for his daring and
bravery. Nephew of Rajah
Lakandula. Of all of the early
rulers of Manila, he was
feared most by the
Spaniards. He was killed on
June 3, 1571, in the Battle of
 Marcela Mariño
Agoncillo
Maker of the first Philippine flag.
Born in Taal, Batangas, on June
24, 1859. Married to Felipe
Agoncillo. She labored to make
the Filipino flag in Hong Kong
with the help of Delfina Herbosa
de Natividad, a niece of Rizal.
Died on May 30, 1946, in Taal,
Batangas.
 Rajah Lakandula
One of the most illustrious
ancient Filipinos. Chief of Tondo,
when Legazpi came to Manila in
1571. He became a Christian and
took the name of Carlos, after
the king of Spain. He made the
blood compact with Goiti. He
fought alongside the Spaniards
against the Chinese pirate,
Limahong. Died in 1575.
 Jose Ma.
Panganiban
Avenger of Filipino honor. Born in
Mambulao, Camarines Norte, on
February 1, 1863. A good friend
and co-worker of Rizal. He was
Bicolandia's greatest contribution
to the historic campaign for
reforms, more popularly called the
Propaganda Movement. He wrote
articles for La Solidaridad, under
the pen names Jomapa and J.M.P.
 Diego Silang
He led the revolt of the Ilocanos
in opposition to the tribute and
abuses of the Spanish officials.
Born in Aringay, La Union, on
December 16, 1730. The revolt
started in Vigan, Ilocos Sur. He
was killed by Miguel Vicos, a
Spanish mestizo who bore
grievances against Diego
 Lapu- Lapu
Chief of Mactan who led the
first successful Filipino
armed resistance against
Spanish aggression. He
fought and killed Magellan
in a battle in Mactan, on
April 27, 1521.
 Francisco Baltazar
More popularly known as Balagtas,
he is considered the prince of
Tagalog poets. Born in Panginay,
Bigaa, Bulacan, on April 2, 1788.
He wroteFlorante at Laura, a
masterpiece of local versification,
upholding moral and social values;
it served as the basic foundation of
the Philippine literature. Died in
Orion, Bataan, on February 20,
1862.
 Francisco Dagohoy
He led the longest revolt in Bohol
against the Spaniards. The
immediate cause of the revolt was
the refusal of a Jesuit priest to give
a Christian burial to Dagohoy's
brother. The Spaniards needed 85
years before they were able to
suppress the rebellion. It was only
in 1829 that they finally succeeded
in bringing to end the revolt
 Epifanio Delos
Santos
Lawyer, journalist, historian,
philosopher, bibliographer,
biographer, painter, poet,
musician, literary critic,
antique collector, and
librarian. Born in Malabon,
Rizal, on April 7, 1871. Died
on April 28, 1928, in Manila.
 Teresa Magbanua

The first woman in Panay

to fight in the Philippine
revolution. Known as the
Visayan Joan of Arc. Born
in Pototan, Iloilo, on
November 4, 1871. Died
in August 1947.
 Trinidad Tecson
Mother of Biak-na-Bato or Balintawak.
Born in San Miguel, Bulacan, on
November 18, 1848. Even though
women-members of the Katipunan
were exempted from the pact, she
participated in Sanduguan(blood
compact). She fought fearlessly in 12
bloody battles of the revolution in
Bulacan, including the famous Battle
of Biak-na-Bato. Later, she became
known as The Mother of the Philippine
Red Cross. Died on June 28, 1928.
 Agueda Esteban
Katipunan member who later
married Artemio Ricarte. She
commuted from Cavite to Manila
to buy saltpeter, lead, and
copper which were used to make
ammunitions. She also carried
secret messages about the
planned offensives against the
Spanish posts.
 General Francisco
Makabulos
Leader of the revolt in Tarlac. Born in
La Paz, Tarlac, on September 17, 1871.
He was the first patriot in Tarlac, who
joined the Katipunan. General
Aguinaldo appointed him as one of the
brigadier generals of the Central
Luzon area. He established the
Central Executive Committee, which
had a constitution called the
Constitution of Makabulos. Died in La
Paz, Tarlac, on April 30, 1922.
 Julian Felipe
Composer of the Philippine
National Anthem. Born in Cavite
City on January 28, 1861. A
dedicated music teacher and
composer, he was appointed by
Aguinaldo as Director of the
National Band of the Philippine
Republic. Died in Manila on
October 2, 1941.
Philippine
National
Symbol
National Flag
According to Republic Act No. 8491 or the Flag and Heraldic
Code of the Philippines, states “the flag of the Philippines shall
be blue, white and red with an eight-rayed golden-yellow sun
and three five-pointed stars, as consecrated and honored by the
people.” As defined by the National Historical Commission of
the Philippines, is made of silk, had a white equilateral triangle
at the left containing a sunburst of eight rays at the center, a
five pointed star at each angle of the triangle, an upper stripe of
blue and a lower stripe of red. The sun stands for liberty; the
sunburst of eight rays for the first eight provinces to take up
arms against Spain; and the three stars for the three principal
islands of the Philippines – Luzon, Panay and Mindanao. The
white triangle signifies Filipino hope for equality; the upper blue
stripe stands for peace, truth and justice; while the lower red
stripe stands for patriotism and valor.
National Flag
National Flag
 National Anthem: Lupang
Hinirang
Composed by Julian Felipe and was played
publicly on June 12, 1898 during the
proclamation of Philippine Independence. It
was played as music by the San Francisco
de Malabon Band. The lyrics was adopted
from the Spanish poem by Jose Palma,
Filipinas, Letra La Marcha Nacional.
 National Flower:
Sampaguita
Scientifically known as Jasminum
sambac and generally called as Arabian
Jasmine. Its white color symbolizes
purity, simplicity, humility and strength. It
was declared by Governor General Frank
Murphy in February 1, 1934 via
Proclamation No. 652 s. 1934. The plant is
woody vine with white smelling flower. It
is used as garland originally from India
and later made into perfumes
National Tree: Narra
Pterocarpus indicus and generally
known as rosewood and made
official symbol by Frank Murphy in
via Proclamation No. 652 s. 1934.
Being a sturdy and durable tree, it
symbolizes the Filipino
indomitable spirit and strength.
National Bird: Philippine
Eagle
Scientifically known as Pithecophaga
jefferyi and known as the Philippine Eagle
and commonly known as the monkey-
eating eagle, is one of the largest
surviving eagles in the world. It was made
national bird by the virtue of Proclamation
No. 1732 in 1978 of former President
Ferdinand Marcos. It symbolizes the
nation’s concerted efforts to rebuild and
save the remaining rainforests.
National Gem: Philippine
Pearl
Known as Pinctada maxima
scientifically and declared by
Former President Fidel V. Ramos
through Proclamation No. 905 s.
1996
National Sport: Arnis
Officially declared by Republic Act No.
9850 by President Gloria Macapagal-
Arroyo in 2009. Also known by its two
other names “Kali” and “Eskrima”, it is a
martial art that involves the use of two
weapons, sometimes bladed, sometimes
batons, and it also involves the use of
bare hands. The origin of this sport is still
unconfirmed.
 Unofficial
National Symbol
National Hero: Jose P. Rizal
Long recognized in the country’s history books as our
National Hero, Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo
Realonda’s status as our national hero has not been the
subject of debate for the common Juan. Scholars, however,
still argue about who should be given the title: Jose Rizal,
Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Aguinaldo, Apolinario Mabini,
Marcelo H. del Pilar, Sultan Dipatuan Kudarat, Juan Luna,
Melchora Aquino, and Gabriela Silang were listed down by
former President Fidel V. Ramos as those worthy of being
given the title of National Hero. This list has not been acted
on since being submitted by the National Heroes
Committee on November 22, 1995.
National Leaf: Anahaw
Also known as the round-leaf fountain
palm or scientifically known as Saribus
rotundifolius. A tropical palm known for its
round fan-shaped leaves. Normally seen in
the countryside as a roofing material,
anahaw leaves are seen as decorative
pieces. It symbolizes achievement because
it is often used as awards and medal. In
addition, it represents strength and loyalty
National Animal: Carabao
Scientifically known as Bubalus
bubalis carabanesis or water buffalo.
Known as farmer’s best friend. It
symbolizes strength, power,
perseverance, efficiency and most of
all hard work
National Fruit: Mango
Known scientifically as Mangifera
indica. A common sight in Philippine
wet and dry markets, the mango has
long been seen as the National fruit.
With its golden color, it signifies
richness and the heart shape. It is
known as the “Fruit of the gods.”
National House: Bahay Kubo
The name comes from Spanish term
cubo, meaning cube. It is considered as
architectural and monumental masterpiece
of the Filipinos. It embodies rural
landscapes of the country and reflect the
Filipino identity of country life.
National Fish: Bangus
Known as Chanos chanos
scientifically and milk fish in English.
Bony, yet prized for its belly fat that
became the favorite among the
commonfolk.
National Dress: Barong Tagalog,
Baro’t Saya
Barong Tagalog is an untucked or loose shirt of
delicate fabric showing Chinese, airy tropical
appearance and even Indo-Malayan for an
elongated effect. It also reflect Hindu and
European’s men clothing.
Baro’t Saya is a collarless blouse and skirt
(blouse and skirt). The fabric is made of pineapple
cloth, the indigenous textile of the Philippine
Islands, the silhouette of the garment relates to
traditional Spanish costume, particularly in the cut
of the sleeves, the shawl collar and trailing skirt.
Thank you!