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Week 2 - Non-Traditional Security - Dhs3343

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30 views21 pages

Week 2 - Non-Traditional Security - Dhs3343

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Nadia Nabila
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NON-TRADITIONAL SECURITY ISSUES (DHS 3343)

DR. AINI FATIHAH ROSLAM


DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, SECURITY AND LAW ainifatihah@upnm.edu.my
FACULTY OF DEFENCE STUDIES AND MANAGEMENT
NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY OF MALAYSIA 012-9217150
INTRODUCTION TO
SECURITY STUDIES
What is
Security
Studies?

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.


• The sub-discipline of International Relations.
• It is the study of security that lies at the
heart of International Relations.
• It was the carnage of the First World War,
and the desire to avoid its horrors again, that
gave birth to the discipline of International
Relations in 1919 at Aberystwyth, UK.
• This concern with the origins of war and its
conduct enabled International Relations to
‘distinguish itself from related disciplines
such as history, economic, geography and
international law’ (Sheehan 2005: 1)
• It is the survival agents, which for much of
the discipline has meant sovereign states,
that has become accepted as dominant
explanatory tool for understanding their
behaviour.
• Security is a matter of high politics; central
to government debates and pivotal to the
priorities they establish. Quite simply, ‘no
other concept in international relations
packs the metaphysical punch, nor
commands the disciplinary power of
“security” (Der Derian 1995: 25-5)
Definiti
on of
Securit
y
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.
• “Security itself is a relative freedom from
war, coupled with a relatively high
expectation that defeat will not be a
consequence of any war that should occur.”
(Bellamy 1981; 102)
• “A nation is secure to the extent to which it
is not in danger of having to sacrifice core
value if it wishes to avoid war, and is able, if
challenged, to maintain them by victory in
such war.” (Walter Lippman, cited in Buzan
(1991: 16)
• “A threat to national security is an action or
sequence of events that; 1) threaten
drastically and over a relatively brief span of
time to degrade the quality of life for the
inhabitants of state, 2) threaten significantly
to narrow the range of policy choices
available to the government of a state or to
private, non-governmental entities (persons,
groups, corporations) within the states.”
(Ullman 1983: 133)
• “National security may be defined as the
ability to withstand aggression from abroad.”
(Luciani 1989:151)
• “Security , in any objective sense, measures
the absence of threats to acquired values, in
a subjective sense, the absence of fear that
such values will be attacked.” (Wolfers 1962:
150)
• “Security-insecurity is defines in relation to
vulnerabilities – both internal and external –
that threaten or have potential to bring
down or weaken state structure, both
territorial and institutional, and governing
regimes.” (Ayoob 1995:9)
• “Emancipation is the freeing of people (as
individuals and groups) from the physical and
human constrains which stop them carrying out
what they would freely choose to do … security
and emancipation are two sides of the same
coin. Emancipation, not power or order,
produces true security. Emancipation,
theoretically, is security.” (Booth 1991:319)
• If people, be they government minister or
private individuals, perceive an issue to threaten
their lives in some way and respond politically
to this, then that issue should be deemed to be
a security issue.” (Hough 2008: 10)
• “Security…implies both coercive means to
check an aggressor and all manner of
persuasion, bolstered by the prospect of
mutually shared benefits, to transform
hostility into cooperation.” (Kolodziel 2005:
25)
• “Security not just a social concept or topic to
be studied or analyzed; it is also a problem
to be managed or otherwise controlled by
human communities on a regular basis if
they hope to survive.” (Smith 2010:2)
So what?

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• What is most striking about the definition is
that, while war and the threat to use force is
part of the security equation, it is not
exclusively so.
• The prevalence of threat is sufficiently far-
reaching for Security Studies to encompass
dangers that range from pandemic, such as
HIV/AIDS, and environmental degradation
through to the more readily associated
security concern of direct violence, such as
terrorism and inter-state armed conflict.
• The later, which so dominated the discipline
that during the Cold War it became
synonymous with Security Studies, is actually
a sub-field of Security Studies and is known
as Strategic Studies.
• Oxford University Press publishes a textbook
that is concerned with Strategic Studies: it is
called Strategy in Contemporary World
(Baylis and Wirtz 2012)
• With the Cold War over, Security Studies has re-
emerged, and core assumptions about what is
to be secured, and how, have to occupy out
thoughts.
• Traditionally the state has been the to be
secured, what is known as the referent object,
and it has sought security through military
might.
• In this course, you will find the alternative
approaches to security; approaches that offer
different referent object; different means of
achieving security; and that indicate that past
practice, far from enhancing security, has been
the cause of insecurity.
Traditional
& Non-
traditional
Security

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IMPACT TO NATIONAL SECURITY
NATIONAL SECURITY

National security is
the security and
defense of a nation
state, including its
citizens, economy,
and institutions,
which is regarded
as a duty of
government.
CONCLUSIO
N
The NTS approach to security issues
would be inclusive & aims to engage a
wider range of actors beyond the state.

However, adopting a NTS approach for


addressing emerging security threats
involves practical challenges: but in a
highly interconnected environment,
these challenges warrant further
examination. Eg: managing the pandemic
requires global attention and response.
Thank you.

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