COM 215

COMPUTER PACKAGES II
By
Engr. M. O. Oyewo
THE COURSE IS DIVIDED INTO:
4 MILESTONES:

UNDERSTANDING GRAPHICS PACKAGES

CONCEPT OF COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
(CAD)
DATABASE MANAGEMENT
DATA ANALYSIS PACKAGES
MILESTONE 1 – COMMON
GRAPHICS PACKAGES
Introduction
Computer System Information is in 4 main
formats:
 Text
 Sound
 Graphics
 Video
GRAPHICS
REPRESENTATION
Graphics: Information communicated with
the aid of text, lines, shapes and colours
either individually or combined together on
hard surface (e.g. paper, wall) or screen.

Such as Pictures, Drawings and Charts

COMPUTER GRAPHICS
Computer graphics are graphics created
by computers and, more generally, the
representation and manipulation of pictorial
data by a computer.
the various technologies used to create and
manipulate such pictorial data
the sub-field of computer science
Pictures: from cameras
In formats such as: JPG with extension .jpeg
Drawings: using drawing packages such as
CorelDraw, Photoshop, AutoCAD, Paint, etc.
Charts: using word and data processing
packages such as Microsoft Word & Excel

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 TYPES OF COMPUTER
GRAPHICS
2D computer graphics
These are the computer-based generation
of digital images—mostly from two
dimensional models, such as 2D geometric
models, text, and digital images, and by
techniques specific to them.
 TYPES OF COMPUTER
GRAPHICS
Under 2D graphics you have 2 aspects:

Raster Graphics
Vector Graphics
 RASTER GRAPHICS
Graphics formed by tiny units called Pixels
coined from Picture Element.
Pixel art is a form of digital art, created
through the use of raster graphics software,
where images are edited on the pixel level.
Graphics in most old (or relatively limited)
computer and video games, graphing
calculator games, and many mobile phone
games are mostly pixel art.
 VECTOR GRAPHICS
Type where mathematical formulas are
used to draw lines and shapes, which are
then interpreted at the viewer's end to
produce the graphic.
Using vectors results in infinitely sharp
graphics and often smaller files, but, when
complex, vectors take time to render and
may have larger file sizes than a raster
equivalent.
 TYPES OF COMPUTER
GRAPHICS
3D Computer Graphics
3D computer graphics in contrast to 2D
computer graphics are graphics that use a
three-dimensional representation of
geometric data that is stored in the
computer for the purposes of performing
calculations and rendering 2D images.
Such images may be for later display or for
real-time viewing.
 TYPES OF COMPUTER
GRAPHICS
Under 3D graphics we have 2 aspects:
3D Modelling
Computer Animation
 3D Model
A 3D model is the mathematical
representation of any three-dimensional
object (either inanimate or living). A model
is not technically a graphic until it is
visually displayed.
Due to 3D printing, 3D models are not
confined to virtual space. A model can be
displayed visually as a two-dimensional
image through a process called 3D
rendering.
 Computer Animation
Computer animation is the art of creating
moving images via the use of computers. It is a
subfield of computer graphics and animation.
Increasingly it is created by means of 3D
computer graphics, though 2D computer
graphics are still widely used for stylistic, low
bandwidth, and faster real-time rendering
needs.
Sometimes the target of the animation is the
computer itself, but sometimes the target is
another medium, such as film. It is also
referred to as CGI (Computer-gene
 Computer Animation
To create the illusion of movement, an
image is displayed on the computer screen
then quickly replaced by a new image that
is similar to the previous image, but shifted
slightly.
This technique is identical to the illusion of
movement in television and motion
pictures.
CATEGORIZING COMPUTER GRAPHICS
DESIGN

 Desktop Publishing (DTP)

 Computer Aided Design (CAD)

DESKTOP PUBLISHING
(DTP)
Desktop publishing (DTP) is the creation
of documents using page layout software
on a personal ("desktop") computer.

It was first used almost exclusively for print

publications, but now it also assists in the
creation of various forms of online content.
DESKTOP PUBLISHING
(DTP)
 DESKTOP PUBLISHING
(DTP)
Desktop publishing software can generate
layouts and produce typographic-quality text
and images comparable to traditional
typography and printing.

Desktop publishing often requires the use of a

personal computer and WYSIWYG page layout
software to create documents for either
large-scale publishing (large format printing)
or small-scale.
DESKTOP PUBLISHING
(DTP)
DESKTOP PUBLISHING
(DTP)
Desktop publishing methods provide more
control over design, layout, and typography
than word processing.

However, word processing software has

evolved to include some, though by no
means all, capabilities previously available
only with professional printing or desktop
publishing.
DTP vs. WORD PROCESSING
DTP vs. WORD
PROCESSING
DRAWING PACKAGES
Corel Draw

by Corel Corporation headquartered in

Ottawa, Canada

CorelDraw (styled CorelDRAW) is a vector

graphics editor

It is also the name of the Corel graphics suite,

which includes the bitmap-image editor Corel
Photo-Paint as well as other graphics-related
programs
 COREL DRAW
With the first version, CorelDraw 1, in 1989,
it continued to evolve and improve over the
last 30 years

Today, we have Corel Draw at version 19

called CorelDraw X9

The letter ‘X’ was introduced as a suffix in

2006 when version 13 came out (CorelDraw
X3)
COREL DRAW
COREL DRAW
COREL DRAW
COREL PHOTO-PAINT
COREL PHOTO-PAINT
COREL PHOTO-PAINT
WINDOWS PAINT
MS Paint has been around as a package
that comes with Microsoft Windows OS
As early as 1985 with the first version of
Windows i.e. Windows 1.0
WINDOWS PAINT
COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
Computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of
computer technology to aid in the design and
particularly the drafting (technical drawing
and engineering drawing) of a part or product,
including entire buildings.

Engine blocks
Plant Design
Architectural Design
Aesthetics
COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
CAD may facilitate the manufacturing process
by transferring detailed diagrams of a
product's materials, processes, tolerances and
dimensions with specific conventions for the
product in question.
 APPLICATIONS OF
AUTOCAD
Engineering Drafting Tool
Architectural Planning Tool
3D Printing
 Fashion Industry
Mechanical Industry
Engineering Drafting Tool
AutoCAD has the possibility to
produce very accurate designs.
For example, AutoCAD can be used to
find out how large an engine
component should be to fit into a new
car model.
Adjustments can be made with just a
few clicks and the engineer saves a
great deal of time in comparison with
using designs on paper.
DRAFTING
 DRAFTING
Drafting can be done in two dimensions ("2D")
and three dimensions ("3D").

Length Length Br
ea
dth

Height
Breadth
DRAFTING
Drafting is the integral communication of
technical or engineering drawings

In representing complex, three-dimensional

objects in two-dimensional drawings, these
objects have traditionally been represented by
three projected views at right angles.

This is called Orthographic Projection

ORTHOGRAPHIC
PROJECTION

(PLAN)
ISOMETRIC VIEW
ISOMETRIC PROJECTION
OBLIQUE PROJECTION
 3D ALL ROUND VIEW
Modern CAD packages can also frequently
allow rotations in three dimensions,
allowing viewing of a designed object from
any desired angle, even from the inside
looking out.
 Architectural Planning Tool
Architects can also use AutoCAD
when designing new buildings and
floor plans.
You can draw entry points, leave
space for plumbing systems,
design electrical circuits, basement
plans, etc.
PLANNING
 3D Printing
It basically gives you the opportunity to
create a three-dimensional model of an
object you design in a computer program.
For example, you use AutoCAD to design a
rubber duck and the printer takes data
from this program to print it as a three-
dimensional object.
This is the basics of 3D printing and it’s
the future when it comes to manufacturing
processes.
3D Printing
 Fashion Industry
AutoCAD can also be used to
design toys, cars, jewelleries, etc.
When the design is finished, it’s
supplied to the manufacturing
company to start mass production.
Fashion Industry
 Mechanical Industry

For example, engineers can design

the shape of an aircraft wing and
determine scenarios on how much
lift this type of wing can generate.
Making such calculations and
projections in computer programs
saves a great deal of time and
money, not to mention that it
optimizes the designing process.
Mechanical Industry
FILE FORMAT
DWG files contain designs, photos, maps,
and geometric data, and were originally
created by Autodesk in 1982 with the
launch of AutoCAD drafting software.

DWG files can be opened directly in

AutoCAD or Microsoft Visio, or with
Autodesk products A360 Viewer and
AutoCAD 360.
 Top Benefits of Autocad
 Increase Productivity
AutoCAD helps you put together the components of a
building or a mechanical part in a very short amount
of time. There is also an animation feature which
helps you understand how these components work
together.
Create Documentation
Not only AutoCAD helps you design stuff, but you can
also add information such as specifications, details,
dimensions, material names, etc next to
components. This helps manufacturers estimate
costs and learn exactly what they have to do when it
comes to creating new products.
 Data Can Be Saved
Another major advantage of AutoCAD is that
everything is saved in the cloud in real time. It’s
almost impossible to lose information and this
helps the manufacturing process greatly.

Reduce Design Errors

One of the best things about AutoCAD is that it
can help engineers identify problems and
eliminate them before the design is put into mass
production. This program offers great
visualization features which aids in discovering
errors and problems. By eliminating those errors
right from the start, manufacturers save a great
deal of time, money and effort.
CHART APPLICATION
A charting application is a
computer program that is used to
create a graphical representation (a
chart)
 It is based on some non-graphical
data
 Which is entered by a user, most
often through a spreadsheet
application
Or also through a dedicated specific
scientific application or using an
online spreadsheet service.
EXAMPLE OF CHART
APPLICATION
Example of applications used
for charting:
Microsoft Excel
Google Sheets
Lotus Symphony
EXAMPLES OF CHARTS
Charts are built from data
provided mostly from a table
 Fig. A X 0 1 2 3
Y 0 2 4 6

 Fig. B MONTH PROFIT

JAN 35%
FEB 24%
MAR 44%
EXAMPLES OF CHARTS
Then an appropriate graphical
representation is selected; for
instance:
The type of chart most suitable
for Fig. A is an X Y (Scatter)
7

Chart/Graph.
5

4
X

3 Y
Linear (Y)
2

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Y
EXAMPLES OF CHARTS
For Fig. B on the other hand, is
a Column Chart.
profit
50%

45%

40%

35%

30%
profit
25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%
jan feb mar
EXAMPLES OF CHARTS
There are Pie charts, Area
charts, Line charts, e.t.c.