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Psychotherapy

Solution focused brief therapy

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Maheshwari A
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23 views30 pages

Psychotherapy

Solution focused brief therapy

Uploaded by

Maheshwari A
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PSYCHOTHERAPEUTICS

Monika. B
M.Scale Applied Psychology
Psychotherapeutics
Definition:
• According to APA,
• psychotherapeutics is a form of treatment for psychological, emotional,
or behavior disorders in which a trained person establishes professional
relationship with the patient,
• with the object of removing, modifying, or retarding existing symptoms,
of mediating disturbed patterns of behavior,
• and of promoting positive personality growth and development.
Solution focused brief therapy:
◦Introduced by Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim berg
◦This approach seeks solutions
◦Rather than focusing on underlying problems
◦Treatment is usually brief, although progress is measured
by results and not by numbers
Development of solution focussed brief
therapy
◦Steve de Shazer: born in Milwaukee,Wisconsin
◦Early :1970s-1980s – He worked with milton erikson A
and the others at the mental Research Institute in palo
alto,calfornia
◦Vision of Treatment: ‘ We try to base our conceptions
and our interventions on direct observation in the
Treatment situation
Cont..
◦What is going on in Systems of human interaction, how
They may be altered most effectively
◦Treatment was limited to 10 sessions
◦Typical interventions encouraged people to reverse or alter
what they were doing,not just do more of the same
Insoo kim Berg
◦Born in korea and came to US in 1957
◦After her degree in social work she moved to palo alto to
train at the mental Research Center
◦There she met with Steve de Shazer, and they both got
married in 1978
◦They both confoundedly developed SFBT
◦They used a decision tree to determine which interventions to
use with a client
Cont..
◦They begin Treatment with a standard task such as suggesting
that
◦ clients observe and describe what was happening in their lives
that they wanted to continue to happen
◦Completed the task: Treatment continued in a traditional way
◦Failed : indirect treatment strategies were tried such as use of
metaphors
Cont….
◦They were known for creative use of clues or suggested
task to help people find solutions
◦Used a reflecting team that observed Treatment sessions
and interpreted with suggestions or ideas
Important theoretical concepts
◦SFBT does not address at length the impact of past
experiences on present difficulties
◦Nor eloborate on mental disorders it can treat successfully
◦It is an emerging approach
◦These omissions might be interpreted to mean that SFBT is
an emerging approach rather than a full-fledged treatment
system
◦Consistent with the nature of the approach which pays
little attention to the origins of people’s difficulties and
touches lightly
◦This treatment system maintains that a problem cannot be
solved at the same level it was created
◦SFBT focuses on the present and the future rather than on
the past pathology
Cont..
◦Emphasizes even small glimmers of health and positive
change rather than past pathology
◦It is because of its widespread use, its impact on
counselling and psychology, and its internal coherence and
consistency
◦ It lacks some elements that might be viewed as essential
in a fully developed treatment system.
Underlying Assumptions of Solution-
Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT)
Behavior and Worldview:
Complaints stem from individuals’ view of the world.
◦Behaviors persist due to adherence to a single perceived solution.
◦Limited Information:
◦Only minimal information about the complaint is needed.
◦Focus is not on discovering causes or past failures.
Cont…
◦Optimism and Hope:
◦Clients are assumed to be doing their best at the moment.
◦Therapy aims to enhance hope and optimism by focusing on
positive changes.
◦Change as a Constant:
◦Change is inevitable and ongoing.
◦Highlight and build on existing positive changes to promote further
improvement.
Cont..
◦Empowerment and Motivation:
◦Recognizing small successes increases motivation and belief in change.
◦Positive change creates a beneficial cycle of increased motivation and
progress.
◦Co-Constructing Solutions:
◦Collaborate with clients to develop solutions.
◦Encourage independence and aim to make the therapist’s role
unnecessary.
Cont..

◦Exceptions and "Skeleton Keys“:


◦Identify times when the problem is absent to find effective
solutions.
◦Solutions may act as "skeleton keys" for various problems, not
necessarily directly related to the issue.
Stages in Solution-Focused Brief
Therapy (SFBT),
◦1. Identifying a Solvable Complaint:
◦Collaborate with clients to define manageable complaints.
◦Focus on aspects within the client's control.
◦Example: Shift from "making my spouse stop his abuse" to
"remaining strong when my spouse is abusive."
Cont..
◦Optimistic Questioning:
◦Use questions that convey optimism and encourage change.
◦Example Questions: “What led you to seek help now?” and “What
changes would you like to see?”
◦Understanding the Situation:
◦Utilize active listening skills (empathy, summarization, paraphrasing).
◦Example Questions: “What changes have already occurred?” and
“What strategies have worked in the past?”
2. Determine and Establishing goals :
◦Goals should be specific,measurable and concrete
◦Goals take one of the 3 forms:
◦Changing the doing of the problematic situation;
◦ The viewing of the situation and
◦ Accessing resources,solutions and strengths
3.Designing an intervention
◦Clinicians can draw on both their understanding of their
clients and their creative use of treatment strategies to
encourage change
◦What changes have already occurred? What worked in the
past when you delt with similar situations?
◦4.Designing Strategic Tasks:
◦Create tasks to encourage client change and cooperation.
◦Types of Tasks:
◦Compliments: For clients with unclear complaints or
low motivation.
◦Observation Tasks: For clients aware of concerns but
expecting change in others.
◦Action Tasks: For motivated clients who want to
actively address their issues.
5.Positive new behaviours and changes are
indentified and emphasized
◦When clients return after they have been given a task
◦Questions focus on change,progress and possibilities new
behaviors and improvements.
◦Example Questions: “How did you achieve this?” and “Who
noticed the changes?”
◦6.Stabilization:
◦Help clients consolidate gains and adjust to changes.
◦Gradually shift their perspectives in more efficient and
hopeful directions
◦Clinicians anticipate some setbacks and provide support to
prevent discouragement
◦7.Termination of Treatment:
◦Iniatiated by the clients
◦Conclude when clients meet their goals, with the option
for future support if needed.
◦Emphasize self-reliance and the ability to handle future
difficulties independently
Timing:
◦Brief and Efficient
◦Typically requires fewer than 10 sessions.
◦Average treatment length is between 3 to 5 sessions.
◦Duration depends on achieving goals, not on arbitrary time
limits
◦Clinicians do not hesitate to extend treatment as long as
positive changes and forward movement are evident
◦Flexible Scheduling:
◦Adapt appointments and treatment intervals based on client
needs.
◦Breaks within sessions may allow for reflection and strategy
development.
◦Extended follow-ups used for continued reinforcement if
necessary
◦Adapting treatment to the individual is essential
Finding Solutions in Solution-Focused
Brief Therapy (SFBT)
◦Clinicians put considerable thought into identifying strategies that
are likely to succed .the following are guidelines can help clinicians
work with clients for effective solutions:
◦View clients as experts on their complaints as well as on what
solutions will work.
◦Assume they have the strengths and resources they need to change.
◦Focus on natural and spontaneous changes that are already
in progress.
◦Expand and build on positive exceptions.
◦• Interrupt and change repetitive and nonproductive
sequences of behavior.
◦• Provide a rationale to explain how tasks can be helpful,
to increase clients' motivation to perform the tasks.
◦If people are skeptical, tasks might be presented as an
experiment that they can stop at anypoint.
◦ Make interventions congruent with people's worldviews (de
Shazer, 1982).
◦Learn from past solutions when formulating future solutions.
◦For example, if people respond to direct suggestions, keep
providing them; but if they do the opposite of what is
suggested, create paradoxical interventions in which doing
the opposite is desirable.
Cont..
◦Embed compliments in suggestions to promote optimism
and encourage follow-through on tasks.
◦Encourage new behaviors rather than simply cessation of
old and ineffective ones.
◦Create an expectancy for change and a context in which
people can think and behave differently. Make solutions
practical and specific.
References
◦ Seligman, L., & Reichenberg., L W. (2015). Theories of counseling and psychotherapy. Prentice
hall of India

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