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CONDITIONAL
SENTENCES
 WHAT IS A CONDITIONAL
SENTENCE?
Important grammar topic in English.
Very common in conversation because they express many different ideas.
A conditional sentence is a sentence that expresses a condition.
A condition is something that can only happen IF something else occurs.
A conditional sentence contains an independent clause and
a dependent
clause that almost always begins with “if.” and sometimes with “When”
A conditional sentence is only a conditional sentence if it has both of these parts.
 FIRST EXAMPLE:
You can have dessert if you finish your homework.
The dependent clause is “if you finish your homework.”
The independent clause is “you can have dessert.”
TYPES OF CONDITIONAL
SENTENCES:
Zero Conditional (Present real conditions,
General Facts)
First Conditional (Possible actions in the
future time)
Second Conditional (present unreal conditional)
Third Conditional (past unreal conditional)
ZERO CONDITIONAL (PRESENT REAL
CONDITIONAL)
USED FOR PRESENT ACTIONS.
Structure of Zero Conditional
If + Simple + Simple Present
Present
If you exercise, you feel better.

If you heat ice, it melts.

Ice melts if you heat it.
If I go to bed late, I wake up late.
 MORE EXAMPLES:
If you do not exercise, you gain weight.
You need a pen when you take the test.
If I don’t study, I don’t do well on tests.
If you are not on time, you lose one mark.
Does ice melt if you heat it?
 FOUR MAIN USES FOR THE
Rules
ZERO CONDITIONAL.
Cause and Effect
If you take your cell phone into class, If you push the button, the volume
it must be turned off. increases.
If you drink alcohol, don’t drive. If you close the door, it locks
Do not use a calculator when you automatically.
write the test. The computer turns off when you
Scientific Facts and General disconnect the battery.
Truths
Routine
If you heat water to 100 degrees
Celsius, it boils. I wear my boots when I work.
If you drop something, it falls. She uses glasses when she drives.
When you combine oil and water, When I cook, I use olive oil.
 PRACTICE:
https://elt.oup.com/student/solutions1stedition/preint_unit_page/unit6/
grammar/exercise2?cc=global&selLanguage=en
http://www.learnenglish-online.com/grammar/tests/zeroconditional.html
http://www.learnenglish-online.com/grammar/tests/zeroconditional2.html
 THE FIRST CONDITIONAL: POSSIBLE
ACTIONS IN THE FUTURE TIME
The first conditional is called the future conditional. It is used
to express possible actions in the future.
It expresses an idea that might happen at some point in the
future. It is something that is possible, but its certainty is
unknown because it depends on another event.
Structure of First Conditional
If + Simple Present + Future Simple
If It rains, I will wear a jacket.

If It is not hot I will stay home.

tomorrow,
 MORE EXAMPLES:
I will buy a hat if I have enough money.
She will work late if she does not finish the report.
He will not play soccer if he is tired.
If you win the game, will you have a celebration
party?
The dependent clause of the first conditional begins with “if” and uses the simple
present tense. The independent clause of the first conditional uses “will” plus the base
form of a verb.
0. https://elt.oup.com/student/solutions/preint/grammar/grammar_07_022e?
cc=global&selLanguage=en
1. https://www.learnenglishfeelgood.com/grammar-firstconditional1.html#
2. https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences/type-1/exercises
 THE SECOND CONDITIONAL
The second conditional is
(We can use 'were' instead of 'was' with 'I' and called the present unreal
'he/she/it'. This is mostly done in formal writing)
conditional. It is for
hypothetical situations in
the present.
Second conditional sentences refer to the present time.

Second Conditional Uses

Unreal situations in the
present
Imagined
events/dream/wish
Use of Was vs. Were

The dependent clause of the second conditional begins with “if” and uses the past simple
tense. The independent clause of the second conditional uses “would” plus the base form
 EXAMPLES:
If I knew the answer, I would tell you.
If I were you, I would not leave tonight.
If I were president, I would fix the system.

https://elt.oup.com/student/solutions/preint/grammar/grammar_08_012e?
cc=global&selLanguage=en
https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/second-conditional-exercise-1.html

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences/type-2/
exercises?02
 THE THIRD CONDITIONAL
expresses an imagined result of that past event
that did not occur.
The third conditional is for Could
unreal situations in the past. If I had studied for the exam, I
This is why it is called could have passed.
the past unreal conditional.
Should
If you had known about the exam,
you should have studied.
Might
If he had studied harder for the
exam, he might have passed.
Mary might have gone if you had
asked her.
 USES:
Imaginary Situations in the Past
If I had gone to university, I would have studied medicine.
If I had studied for my exam, I would have passed.
I could have won the game if I had tried harder.

The dependent clause of the third conditional begins with “if”

and uses the past perfect tense. The independent clause of the
third conditional uses “would” have plus the past participle of a
verb.
https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences/type-3/exercises?02
REFERENCES
https://writingexplained.org/grammar-dictionary/conditional-senten
ce