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Client Server2 - 090712

client/server

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25 views17 pages

Client Server2 - 090712

client/server

Uploaded by

inyiakodsamuel85
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 2: DRIVING CLIENT

FORCES BEHIND CLIENT/ SERVER


SERVER COMPUTING
DRIVING FORCES BEHIND CLIENT SERVER
COMPUTING
Data access requirements have given rise to an environment in which computers work
together to form a system, often called distributed computing, cooperative computing.

There are various forces that drive the move to client/server computing. Some of them are:

(i) The changing business environment.

(ii) Globalization: The world as a market.

(iii) The growing need for enterprise data access.

(iv) The demand for end user productivity gains based on the efficient use of data resources.
(v) Technological advances that have made client/server computing practical like
microprocessor technology, data communication and Internet, Database systems,
Operating Systems and Graphical User Interface, PC-based and end user application
software.

(vi) Growing cost and performance advantages of PC-based platforms.

(vii) Enterprise network management.


Forces that drives us to the move to Client/Server computing can be classified in two
general categories based on: Business perspective& Technology perspective
BUSINESS PERSPECTIVE
Basically the business perspective that have led to client server are;
•Increase productivity.
•Superior quality
•Improved responsiveness.
•Focus on core businesses
Effective factors
•The changing business environment: Business process engineering, has become
necessary for competitiveness in the market which is forcing organizations to find
new ways to manage their business, despite fewer personnel, more outsourcing, a
market driven orientation, and rapid product obsolescence
CONTINUATION OF BUSINESS
PERSPECTIVE
Globalization

Conceptually, the world has begun to be treated as a market. Information Technology


plays an important role in bringing all the trade on a single platform by eliminating the
barriers. IT helps and supports various marketing priorities like quality, cost, product
differentiation and services.
•The growing need for enterprise data access: One of the major functions is to
provide quick and accurate data access for decision- making at many organizational levels.
Managers and decision makers need fast on-demand data access through easy-to-use
interfaces. When corporations grow, and especially when they grow by merging with other
corporations, it is common to find a mixture of disparate data sources in their systems.
TECHNOLOGY PERSPECTIVE

Technological advances that have made Client/Server computing practical by proper use
of the following:
• Intelligent desktop devices.
• Computer network architectures.
• Technical advances like microprocessor technology, data communication and
Internet Database system, operating system and graphical user interface.
• Trends in computer usage like data warehousing, data mining, user control, GUI
(human computer interaction, HCI)
ENTERPRISE COMPUTING &
NETWORK MANAGEMENT
If a business is run from its distributed locations, the technology supporting these units must be as
reliable as the existing central systems. Technology for remote management of the distributed
technology is essential in order to use scarce expertise appropriately and to reduce costs.

All computing and communications resources are integrated functionally as a single, seamless system.
To maximize productivity by providing universal, up-to-date information the technology requirements
are that computing technology must be widely deployed. All computers must be networked together in
a consistent architecture such that computing and networking resources must be reliable, secure, and
capable of delivering accurate information in a timely manner.
Client/server technology gives cost-effective, logical, and consistent
architectural model for networking that generalizes the typical computer
model. Client/Server can simplify network interactions that will give
transparent interaction to the users.
DEVELOPMENT OF
CLIENT/SERVER SYSTEMS
For us to develop our client server system we need our development tools and choosing the
right tools to develop Client/Server applications is one of the most critical decisions.
Client/Server tools include:

♦ GUI-based development.
♦ A GUI builder that supports multiple interfaces (Windows, OS/2, Motif, Macintosh).
♦ Object-oriented development with a central repository for data and applications.
♦ Support for multiple database (flat file, hierarchical, networked, relational).
♦ Data access regardless of data model (using SQL or native navigational access).
CONTINUATION
♦ Seamless access to multiple databases.
♦ Complete SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) support from planning to
implementation and maintenance.
♦ Team development support.
♦ Support for third party development tools (CASE, libraries)
♦ Prototyping and Rapid Application Development (RAD) capabilities.
♦ Support for multiple platforms (OS, Hardware, and GUIs).
♦ Support for middle ware protocols (ODBC, IDAPI, APPC).
♦ Multiple network protocol support (TCP/IP, IXP/SPX, NetBIOS).

There is none that is best not all tools will support OS, middleware, database so we must
DEVELOPMENT PHASES

Steps in developing client server from the design and development efforts. There are six
main phases in Client/Server system development.

Information System Infrastructure Self-study


The objective is to determine the actual state of the available computer resources. The self-
study will generate at least the following.
• A software and hardware details.
• A detailed and descriptive list of critical applications.
• A detailed human resource (personal and skills).
• A detailed list of problems and opportunities.
CONTINUATION
Client/Server Infrastructure Definition
The output of Phase One, combined with the company’s computer infrastructure goal, is the
input for the design of the basic Client/Server infrastructure blueprint. This blue print will
address the main hardware and software issues for the client, server, and networking
platforms

Selecting a Window of Opportunity


The next stage is to find the right system on which to base the Client/Server pilot project to
get the right system we need to focus on the problem, available resources, and set of clearly
defined and realistic goals.
CONTINUATION
Management Commitment

We also need managerial commitment to ensure that the necessary resources (people, hardware,
software, money, infrastructure) will be available and dedicated to the system. A common practice is to
designate a person to work as a guide, or an agent of change, within the organization’s departments. The
main role of this person is to ease the process that changes people’s role within the organization.

Implementation

Foster continuing education in hardware, software, tools, and development principles.


Look for vendors and consultants to provide specific training and implementation of designs, hardware,
application software.
CONTINUATION

Review and Evaluation


We should make sure that the system conforms to the criteria defined in
Phase Three. We should continuously measure system performance as the
system load increases, because typical Client/Server solutions tend to
increase the network traffic and slow down the network. Careful network
performance modelling is required to ensure that the system performs well
under heavy end user demand conditions. Such performance modeling should
be done at the server end, the client end, and the network layer
CLIENT/SERVER STANDARDS
A standard is a publicly defined method to accomplish specific tasks or purposes within a given
discipline and technology. Standards make networks practical.
Benefits of Open Standards
Standards allow us to incorporate new products and technology with existing I.T. investments hardware,
operating environments, and training, with minimum effort.
• Standards allow us to mix and match the ‘best of breed’ products. Thus databases and development
tools, and Connectivity software become totally independent.
• Standards allow us to develop modular applications that do not fall apart because the network has been
re-configured (e.g., change of topology, or transport protocol etc.), or the graphical user interface
standard as changed, or a component-operating environment has changed.
CONTINUATION

• Standards maintain tighter security.


• Standards reduce the burden of overall maintenance and system administration.
• Standards provide faster execution of pre-compiled code.
• Standards prevent the database and its application and possibly others on the server
from having their response time degraded in a production environment by inefficient
queries.

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