INDIAN MARITIME UNIVERSITY

(A Central University under the Union Ministry of Ports, Shipping & Waterways; Government of India)
Chennai Campus

M U
I
Subject/MCC Name: Ship Types as per Cargo Carried – 6 hours

© Indian Maritime University

Development in Shipping and cargo handling
• Early days of trade – Commencing from the rowing era to sailing and the advent of the Industrial
Revolutions.
• The First - Began in Britain in the late 1700s. Industrialization marked a shift to powered, special-
purpose machinery, factories and mass production. The iron and textile industries, along with the
development of the steam engine, played central roles in the Industrial Revolution, which also saw
improved systems of transportation, communication and banking. While industrialization brought
about an increased volume and variety of manufactured goods and an improved standard of living

U
for some, it also resulted in often grim employment and living conditions for the poor and working
classes.

M
• The Second - The years from 1870-1914 as the period of the Second Industrial Revolution. While

I
the First Industrial Revolution caused the growth of industries, such as coal, iron, railroads and
textiles, the Second Industrial Revolution witnessed the expansion of electricity, petroleum and
steel. The talks automation disrupting workforce was high.
• The Third – Mid 1970s. The coming in of personal computing power. Again talks of redundancy of
work force and labour etc. etc. were prime. The prime mover is “computation technology”.
• Finally the Fourth – Has just started and the prime mover is “data and communication”.
<programme>/<subject>/<MCC>: <name>/Lesson/Lecture <x> <Lecturer>
18/12/2024 2
© Indian Maritime University, Chennai Campus
Marine vehicles and cargo
• Evolution of various types of trades
• How trade spurs shipping AND shipping spurs trade
• Evolution of currency and SDRs – A new international monetary arrangement was
agreed in the “Breton Woods conference” in July 1944 and is often called Breton
Woods system. This conference contributed to the birth of IMF and World Bank.

U
• According to IMF there have been 4 modern world recessions till now. 1975
(collapse of Brenton Woods), 1982 (US $ - Smithsonian agreement – pegging of

M
currencies), 1991 (dot com bubble) & 2009 (sub prime) & finally Of course the next

I
clearly is 2020/21 thanks to COVIND but the world at large has emerged winner on
many counts.
• Evolving of trade and movement of goods after each recessions.
• Need for various types of ships and its evolution
<programme>/<subject>/<MCC>: <name>/Lesson/Lecture <x> <Lecturer>
18/12/2024 3
© Indian Maritime University, Chennai Campus
General Cargo Vessel – Break Bulk carriers

A vessel suitable for worldwide trading in general

cargoes, dry bulk, long steel products, grain
cargoes and containers. The vessel is normally
equipped with cranes and/or derricks. This type
of vessel is making room for more specialised
vessels. Still common in some parts of the world

U
such as the Asian sub continent and South America.
A deadweight tonnage of around 25,000t

M
and capable of carrying in excess of 800 TEUS is

I
not uncommon,

18/12/2024 Page 4
 M U
I
18/12/2024 <<Programme/Course/Topic/Trainer/Version X/Month-Year>> 5
© Indian Maritime University, Chenn
Dry Bulk Carriers

Designed to carry cargo in bulk in deep-sea trades. Can be

gearless or can have its own cargo gear. Facilities for
monitoring the cargo temperature and gas emission may be part
of the basic equipment on board. The provision for pumping
bilge water will also be present.

M U
I
18/12/2024 Page 6
 M U
I
Are the most popular as the container trade continues to expand. The biggest one is able
to carry 18000TEUS though vessels carrying 24000 TEUs have also been built recently.
Can be gearless and depend upon shore gantries for cargo operations. Some do not even
have hatch covers

18/12/2024 Page 7
Liquid Cargo Carriers - Tankers

M U
I
Range from the crude carriers to product tankers.
Built for specific purposes because of the range of
different cargoes. Size varies from a few hundred tons
to the ULCC (>350,000 dwt).
The tanker is thus a very specialised vessel. It is
designed to deal with bulk liquid cargoes permitting
18/12/2024
quick loading and discharge. Page 8
Chemical Tankers

M U
chemicals in bulk. I
A chemical tanker is a type of tanker ship designed to transport

Oceangoing chemical tankers range from 5,000 tonnes

deadweight (DWT) to 35,000 DWT
18/12/2024 WORLD CLASS - through people, technology and dedication Page 9
Car Carriers Gas carriers

M U
I
18/12/2024 Page 10
Heavy lift carriers

M U
I
18/12/2024 Page 11
 3D Videos:
1. LNG Ship Familiarisation:https://youtu.be/tr29h2FiNOw?si=R3Z2jZWw-zB-BDvU
2. RoRo Ship Familiarisation:
https://youtu.be/BL1VqNDwCDY?si=afQB8ILaGw1p2GbN

U
3. Oil Tanker Familiarisation: https://youtu.be/xTfnNvQKyiU?si=62GdjiyIe5xFW3Su
4. Container Ship Familiarisation:

I M
https://youtu.be/ll6grr0dZ40?si=n3KkXOZWAC-SDmMs
5. Bulk carrier Familiarisation:https
://youtu.be/bfdC33bd08M?si=fKlGjfN585wDOm0L
6. Gas Tanker Familiarisation: https://youtu.be/z_12rNQZLLA?si=F24jOZGdG9cIzVfs

18/12/2024 <<Programme/Course/Topic/Trainer/Version X/Month-Year>> 12

© Indian Maritime University, Chenn