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Mathematical Modeling

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10 views25 pages

Mathematical Modeling

Uploaded by

abdulhadi07814
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Mathematical Modeling

of Control Systems
Type of control system

 Linear control system


 Linear time invariant control system
 Linear time variant control system
 Non-linear control system
Transfer Function.

 The transfer function of a linear, time-invariant, differential equation


system is defined as the ratio of the Laplace transform of the output
(response function) to the Laplace transform of the input (driving
function) under the assumption that all initial conditions are zero.
AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS

 Block Diagrams A block diagram of a system is a pictorial


representation of the functions performed by each component and of
the flow of signals. Such a diagram depicts the interrelationships that
exist among the various components.
 Summing Point.

 Branch Point.
Open-Loop Transfer Function and
Feedforward Transfer Function.
Closed-Loop Transfer Function.
Classifications of Industrial
Controllers
 Two-position or on–off controllers
 Proportional controllers
 Integral controllers
 Proportional-plus-integral controllers
 Proportional-plus-derivative controllers
 Proportional-plus-integral-plus-derivative controllers
Two-Position or On–Off Control Action

 differential gap
Proportional Control Action

 where Kp is termed the proportional gain


Integral Control Action

 where Ki is an adjustable constant


Proportional-Plus-Integral Control
Action
 The control action of a proportionalplus- integral controller is defined by

 Where Ti is called the integral time.


Proportional-Plus-Integral-Plus-
Derivative Control Action
Closed-Loop System Subjected to a
Disturbance
Procedures for Drawing a Block
Diagram
MODELING IN STATE SPACE

 State. The state of a dynamic system is the smallest set of variables


(called state variables) such that knowledge of these variables at t=t0 ,
together with knowledge of the input for t > t0 , completely determines
the behavior of the system for any time t > t0

 State Variables. The state variables of a dynamic system are the


variables making up the smallest set of variables that determine the
state of the dynamic system.
 State Vector. If n state variables are needed to completely describe
the behavior of a given system, then these n state variables can be
considered the n components of a vector x

 State Space. The n-dimensional space whose coordinate axes consist


of the x1 axis, x2 axis, p , xn axis, where x1, x2, p , xn are state
variables, is called a state space
State-Space Equations.

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