ADVANCED LANDSCAPE

DESIGN

Lecture 1:
•Exploringconcepts of landscape
architecture and design
•Why landscape design?

By Sara A. (MSc)
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Introduction…
 Landscape architecture?
 Landscape design?
 Landscape architect?
 Landscape designer?
 Landscape design components?
 Landscape design guidelines and
principles?

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LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

 Landscape according to its original

Dutch meaning –
is an organization of fields and
villages which is an expression of
community use and impact. Design
implies the designation of land for
some social purpose.

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 Land is one of the basic commodities of
the world.
 It’s planning for use and conservation is
a central, political and social issue.
 Land becomes a landscape, when seen
in terms of its physiographic and
environmental characteristics.
 Landscape is a reflection of dynamic,
natural, and social systems.
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The Profession of
Landscape
Architecture

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The Profession….
 landscape architecture” seems to
contradict one another, the one dynamic
and ever-changing, the other static and
finite.
 role in society has been consistently
misunderstood
 Landscape gardening is the usual
interpretation, but the terms site
planning, urban design and environmental
planning are frequently added to the
names of landscape architectural firms.

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The Profession….
 Frederick Law Olmsted – Designer
of New York City Central Park
coined the term landscape
architect in 1858.
 He also planned urban open space
systems, city and traffic patterns,
subdivisions, university campuses
and private estates.

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The Profession….
 Frederick Law Olmsted – Designer
of New York City Central Park
coined the term landscape
architect in 1858.
 He also planned urban open space
systems, city and traffic patterns,
subdivisions, university campuses
and private estates.

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The Profession….

 The American society of Landscape

Architecture was founded in 1899 by five
practitioners.
 After world war II, the work of landscape
architect is to restore the derelict land,
regional landscape analysis and planning,
urban design and site planning for housing,
schools and large scale industrial plants.

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The Profession….
 The 4th dimension – TIME – is an important
aspect of landscape architecture.
 landscape work unlike architecture does not
always have an immediate perceptible
impact and the effectiveness of planting
and land use decisions or policies may not
be appreciable for 20-30 years.
 For eg- the landscape of the first new towns
in England is just beginning to achieve the
effect and visual qualities that were in the
minds of the designers 25 years ago.

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Conceptual definition of
Landscape Architecture

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 Conceptual definition…
 Hubbard and Kimball refers to landscape
architecture as
 primarily a fine art whose most important
function is to create and preserve beauty in the
surroundings of human habitation and in the
broader natural scenery of the country, but it is
also concerned with promoting comfort,
convenience and health of urban population,
which have scanty access to rural scenery and
urgently need to have their hurrying work a day
lives refreshed and calmed by the beautiful and
reposeful sights and sounds which nature aided
by the landscape art, can abundantly provide.

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Conceptual definition…
 Garrett Eckbo defines landscape architecture as

 covering that portion of the landscape which is

developed by man, beyond buildings, roads or
utilities and up to wild nature, designed
primarily as space for human living. It is the
establishment of relations between buildings,
surfacing and other outdoor construction, earth,
rock forms, bodies of water, plants and open
space, and the general form and character of
the landscape, but with primary emphasis on
the human content, the relationship between
people and landscape, between human beings
and three dimensional outdoor space
qualitatively and quantitatively.

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 The practice of
Landscape Architecture

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The practice …

 Landscape Evaluation and Planning

 Site Planning

 Detailed Landscape Design

 Urban Design

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 Landscape Evaluation and
Planning
 It is concerned with the systematic study of
large areas of land and has a strong ecological
and natural science base in addition to a
concern for visual quality.
 This normally involves the team of specialists –
soil scientists and geologists.. The result is land
use plan or policy recommending the type of
development. Eg. housing, industry, agriculture.
 The identification of land for one major use such
as recreation is another function of landscape
evaluation and planning.

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Landscape Eval…
 It is concerned with the systematic study of
large areas of land and has a strong ecological
and natural science base in addition to a
concern for visual quality.
 This normally involves the team of specialists –
soil scientists and geologists.. The result is land
use plan or policy recommending the type of
development. Eg. housing, industry, agriculture.
 The identification of land for one major use such
as recreation is another function of landscape
evaluation and planning.

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 Site Planning
 conventional landscape architecture.
 Site planning is the process in which the
characteristics of the site and the
requirements of the program for its use are
brought together in creative synthesis.
 Elements and facilities are located on the land
in functional and aesthetical relationships and
in a manner fully responsive to responsive to
program, site and regional context.

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Detailed landscape design
 It is the process through which specific quality
is given to the spaces and area of the site
plan.
 It involves the selection of the components,
materials and plants & their combination in
three dimensions as solutions to limited and
well defined problems such as entrance,
terrace, amphitheatre, parking area and so on.

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 Urban design
 It is the setting of the city where government
agencies are involved, the organization of the
space between buildings (for circulation or for
public use).
 Design of streets and malls, riverfront
developments, government and commercial
centers, rehabilitation of neighborhoods and
recycling of groups of industrial buildings may
be classed as urban design projects.

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 Theory of Landscape
Architecture
 Natural process
 Human factors
 Methodology
 Technology
 Values
 Aesthetics and Visual quality

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 Theory of Landscape
Architecture
 Natural process
 Human factors
 Methodology
 Technology
 Values
 Aesthetics and Visual quality

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 Natural process
 Geology, soils, hydrology, topography, climate,
vegetation and wildlife and the ecological
relationships between them is fundamental to
an understanding of the ecosystem.
 Some unique places like Grand Canyon should
be considered as a resource to be preserved
and protected.
 Thus natural factors influence land use, site
planning and detailed design.

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 Human factors
 Cultural variations in the use and appreciation
of open space and parks and the physical and
social needs of the young and old.
 It is important that designers understand the
impact of environment on behavior.

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Designing and Planning
Methodology
 involves systems as
 defining landscape problems
 assembling all factors
 values incorporated, etc
 Computer graphics aid in this process.

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 Technology
 The means by which the design is
implemented.
 It may change year after year, as new
materials, machinery and techniques are
developed.
 Specific areas of technology include plants,
planting surface drainage, sewage treatments,
erosion control, hard surfaces, maintenance,
etc.

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 Values
 very difficult part of the theory. It has to be
lived and felt.
 Experience and good sense tell us to develop a
set of priorities.

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 Aesthetics and Visual
quality
 Color, form, size and proportion influence,
aesthetics and human comfort – critical in
landscape design.

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Introduction…
 Landscape architecture examines
the challenges that arise and the
opportunities that are presented
when human beings design on the
land.

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 Introduction…
which can be thought of as art and the
science of designing, planning and
managing the land.
 LA addresses issues that range from
the planning the layout of entire new
towns to the specific detailing of
historic gardens. It will engage thinking
about form and design organization,
user needs and design elements.

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Introduction…
 Related professions in Landscape
Architects: - Cartographers,
Photogrammetrists, Surveying
technicians, Urban and regional
planners. Landscape architects also
must know how to grow and use
plants in the landscape, some
conservation scientists and
foresters
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Definitions of Terms…
 Landscape design is the art of
arranging of modifying the features of a
landscape, an urban area, etc. for
esthetic or practical purposes. Often
divided into hardscape design and
softscape design.
 A landscape architect is a person
involved in preparing the landscape
architecture, in the planning, design
and sometimes oversight of an
exterior landscape of space.
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Definitions of Terms…
Both Landscape designers and
Landscape architects practice
landscape design.
 Hardscape, or “hardscaping,”
consists of the inanimate elements of
landscaping, especially any masonry
work or woodwork.
eg. Stone walls, concrete or brick
patios, tile paths, wooden decks and
wooden arbons.
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Definitions of Terms…
Hardscape Example

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Definitions of Terms…
 Softscape comprises the
animate, horticultural elements
of landscape design, i.e.,
Plants. Softscape elements are
complemented by hardscape
design elements, such as stone
walls, tile pations and brick
walkways.
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Definitions of Terms…
Softscape Example

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End of lecture -01

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