Amity School of Engineering

& Technology

A Presentation on

“ENHANCEMENT IN DATA DISSEMINATION SECURITY THROUGH

AUTHENTICATION IN VANET”

Presented By
Mr. Sanjay Deshmukh
(A70466220002)
 Amity School of Engineering
& Technology

Index
• Introduction

• Literature Review

• Research Gaps

• Research Objectives

• Proposed Research Plan

• References
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Introduction
• VANET (Vehicular ad hoc network ) is a particular case of wireless multi-hop
network, which has the constraint of fast topology changes due to the high node
mobility . VANETs are largest real world mobile ad hoc network.
• With the increasing number of vehicles equipped with computing technologies and
wireless communication devices, intervehicle communication is becoming a promising
field of research, standardization, and development.
• VANETs enable a wide range of applications, such as prevention of collisions, safety,
blind crossing, dynamic route scheduling, real-time traffic condition monitoring, etc
• Another important application for VANETs is providing Internet connectivity to
vehicular nodes. Figure on the next slide shows an example of a VANET
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Introduction
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Introduction
• It is a subclass of mobile ad hoc networks. It is a network of vehicles moving with
relatively high speeds. So it allows you to create a data exchange between vehicles in
wireless way. Internet of Vehicles (IoV). IoV forms a solid backbone for Intelligent
Transportation Systems (ITS), which paves the way for technologies that better explain
about traffic efficiency and their management applications.
• The vehicles are fitted with sensors and these sensors interact with other vehicles and
infrastructure outside the vehicle . The car is fitted with on- board Unit(OBU). The
road on which the car is moving has road side units(RSU). The RSUs are connected to
base stations .
• It provides a promising network scenario for facilitating safety on roads, managing
traffic, and infotainment dissemination for both passengers and drivers. Traffic flow
parameters, driver behavior, and driving conditions can be detected and shared with
vehicles within their vicinity .
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Introduction
• Global IOV market is believed to be $200 Billion by 2024 due to which companies
like BMW and Daimler are interested in this sector
• The internet of vehicles (IoV) is a distributed network that supports the use of data
created by connected cars in VANET. IoV supports different communications like :
• Intra vehicle, Vehicle to Vehicle(V2V) , Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) , Vehicle to
cloud (V2 C). Vehicle to road (V2 R), Vehicle to human (V2 H) and vehicle to
sensor(V2S).
• Many vehicles transmit data such as identification, position and speed of vehicle. A
high level of security and privacy insurance is prime requirement for acceptance of
communication between vehicles. Automotive safety related applications are
developed using V2V and V2 R(Vehicle to roadside unit).
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Introduction
• VANET is vulnerable to security attacks.
• It is must to guarantee the authenticity and integrity of a message ( which contains
data), and also to protect the user related privacy information .
• A safety message has to reach all the vehicles in VANET, so it is authenticated first and
then message integrity is checked.
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Literature Review

•In 2008 . J Blum et al proposed authentication scheme to avoid malicious

vehicles

•In 2010 , J . Sun et al proposed a security system for VANET to handle problems
in access control

•In 2013, S.Hong et al proposed software based solution for privacy requirements
for vehicles.

•In 2016 , Y. Wang et al proposed efficient conditional privacy preserving

authentication for improving efficiency in VANET.

•.
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Literature Review..

• In2018 , J . He proposed optimal dropbox deployment algorithm for data

dissemination in VANET

• In 2018 , J. Contras et al proposed seven layer architecture for VANET

• In 2018 , P. Asuquo et al compared privacy preservation in various location based

services.

• In2018 J Harsrouny et al proposed trust metric for every vehicle and its behavior.

• In 2018 , S Islam et al proposed a group key agreement protocol for authentication.

 Amity School of Engineering
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Literature Review..

• In 2019 , K. Lim et al proposed efficient key management protocol for group

signature based authentication.
• In 2020 , D. Mannivaran et al presented a review of various issues for authentication
in VANET
• In 2021 , M. Mehdhara et al proposed a design of secure VANET architecture using
software defined network
• In 2021 , K. N. Kureshi et al proposed a six- layer architecture for the requirements of
Internet of vehicle( IoV)
• In 2021 . N. Gupta et al proposed secured data dissemination protocol and framework
for 5G enabled VANET
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Literature Review..
Author Algorithm Results Gap

J. Blum, A. Neiswender, and A.

Eskandarian, "Denial of service attacks The Wireless Access
on inter-vehicle communication in Vehicular
networks", in Proceedings of the 11th Environments
International IEEE Conference on (WAVE) standards, These simulations show that the
Intelligent Transportation Systems however, are characteristics of the vehicular
(ITSC), pp. 797-802, 2008. [34] vulnerable to Denial environments and heart-beat
of Service (DoS) messages amplify the effect of these
attacks w Denaial of Service attacks How to eliminate Denial of Service attacks

J. Sun, C. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Fang, "An

identity-based security system for user
privacy in vehicular ad hoc networks",
IEEE Transaction on Parallel and
Distributed systems. vol. 21 (9), pp.
1227-1239, 2010.[08]

. In this paper, we
propose a security Proposed is a privacy-preserving
system for VANETs to defense technique for network
achieve privacy authorities to handle misbehavior in
desired by vehicles VANET access. Experimenting with real security system
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Literature Review..
Author Description Features Challenges

S. Horng, S. Tzeng, Y. Pan, P. Fan,

X. Wang, T. Li, M. K. Khan, "SPECS+: SPECS provided a
Batch verification for secure software-based
pseudonymous authentication in solution to satisfy the
VANET", IEEE Transaction on privacy requirement
Information Forensics and Security. and gave lower
vol. 8 (11) pp. 1860-1875, 2013. [7] message overhead and
higher successful rate
than previous
solutions in the
message verification verification delay for Impersonation attacks cannot be
phase. message is reduced prevented

Y. Wang, H. Zhong, Y. Xu, and J. In this paper, we

Cui, "ECPB: efficient conditional introduce an efficient
privacy-preserving authentication Conditional Privacy-
scheme supporting batch Preserving Experimental analysis
verification for VANETs", authentication proves that our proposed
International Journal of Network scheme(ECPB) based scheme exhibit improved
Security, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 374– on group signature for efficiency over the existing
382, 2016. [5] vehicular ad hoc schemes, in terms of
networks (VANETs). verification delay reducing average communication delay.
 Amity School of Engineering
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Literature Review..
Author Description Features Challenges

Dropboxes are very

useful for assisting the
data dissemination.This
J. He, Y. Ni, L. Cai, J. Pan and C. Chen, paper, we investigate
"Optimal Dropbox Deployment how to deploy the
Algorithm for Data Dissemination in dropboxes optimally by optimal dropbox
Vehicular Networks," in IEEE considering the deployment algorithm
Transactions on Mobile Computing, tradeoff between the (ODDA) to obtain the
vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 632-645, 1 March delivery delay and the optimal deployment
2018, doi: cost of dropbox strategy -gives improved
10.1109/TMC.2017.2733534.[16] deployment. performance Check this for scalabilirty

J. Contreras, S. Zeadally, and J. A.

Guerrero-Ibanez, "Internet of vehicles:
Architecture, protocols, and security",
IEEE Internet Things J., vol. 5, no. 5,
pp. 3701-3709, Oct. 2018.[15]
Seven -layer
architecture is Future research Energy efficiency of devices and safety
proposed for VANET directions are stated aspects of IoV are major research areas
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Literature Review..
Author Description Features Challenges

P. Asuquo, H. Cruickshank, J. Morley,

C.P.A. Ogah, A. Lei, W. Hathal, S. Bao,
Z. Sun, "Security and privacy in
location-based services for vehicular
and mobile communications: an
overview, challenges and
countermeasures", IEEE Internet of
Things Journal, Vol: 5, Issue: 6, 2018. . In this paper, we
[14] analyze the security
and privacy
requirements for LBS in Different approaches for
vehicular and mobile providing location
networks. based service are given Comparison of privacy enhancing schemes

H. Hasrouny, A. E. Samhat, C. Bassil, A Hybrid Trust Model

and A. Laouiti, "Trust model for secure (HTM) and a
group leader-based communications misbehavior detection
in VANET", Wireless Networks, vol. 6, system (MDS) where a
pp. 1-23, 2018. [12] trust metric is assigned
to every vehicle Simulation shows you
depending on its can deactivate malicious Not checked for Sybil and blackhole
behavior nodes attack
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Literature Review..
Author Description Features Challenges

This paper presents a

S. H. Islam, M. S. Obaidat, P. password-based
Vijayakumar, E. Abdulhay, F. Li, and M. conditional Our protocol is
K. C. Reddy, "A robust and efficient privacy preserving lightweight in terms
password based conditional privacy authentication and computation and
preserving authentication and group- group-key generation communication since it
key agreement protocol for VANETs", (PW-CPPA-GKA) can be designed without
Future Generation Computer Systems, protocol for VANETs bilinear-pairing and Combinig VANET and cloud -Vehicular
vol. 84, pp. 216-227, 2018 [10] elliptic curve. © 2017 E cloud network

K. Lim, W. Liu, X. Wang, J. Joung,

"SSKM: Scalable and Secure Key
Management Scheme for Group In this paper, an
Signature Based Authentication and efficient key The experiment results
CRL in VANET", Electronics, 8(11), pp. management protocol demonstrate a scalable,
1330, 2019. [11] for group signature efficient, and secure key The proposed scheme introduces the use
based authentication is distribution scheme in of the domain with multiple RSUs into the
proposed. vehicular networking framework
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Literature Review..
Author Description Features Challenges

D. Manivannan, S. Moni, S.
Zeadally,"Secure authentication and
privacy-preserving techniques in Vehicular . Authors present
Adhoc NETworks (VANETs)", Vehicular an overview of the
Communications, Vol. 25, 2020.[3] following issues
that arise in The paper presents a
VANETs: privacy, comprehensive review
authentication, of various solutions
and secure proposed in the last 10
message years which address
dissemination these issues Make message dissemination more secure

Paper proposes a
design of a secure
M. Al-Mehdhara, N, Ruan "MSOM: VANET architecture
Efficient Mechanism for Defense against using a Experimental results
DDoS Attacks in VANET", Wireless SoftwareDefined show that our solution
Communications and Mobile Computing, Networking (SDN) can efficiently detect
pp. 17, ID: 8891758, 2021. [4] controller and malicious traffic, prevent
Neural Network and mitigate DDoS
Self-Organizing attacks, and increase Preventing the attacks not covered by the
Maps (SOMs). system security proposed system
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Literature Review..
Author Description Features Challenges

K. N. Qureshi, S. Din, G. Jeon and F. A six-layered

Piccialli, "Internet of Vehicles: Key architecture model
Technologies, Network Model, Solutions based on protocol stack
and Challenges With Future Aspects," in and network elements,
IEEE Transactions on Intelligent network model based on
Transportation Systems, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. cloud services, big data . The proposed
1777-1786, March 2021. [2] analytical model based models fulfilled
on data acquisition and the all recent
analytics, security model requirements of
based on is proposed IoV in term of new
detection and protocols, Architecture maynot fulfill all the
prevention systems standards requirements likenetwork , bigdata etc

N. Gupta, R. Manaswini, B. Saikrishna, F. An authentication-based

Silva, A. Teles, "Authentication-Based protocol (A-MAC) for
Secure Data Dissemination Protocol and smart vehicular
Framework for 5G-Enabled VANET", Future communication is A-MAC outshines
Internet, Vol. 12, pp. 63, 2020.[1] proposed along with a other protocols in
novel framework terms of
towards an IoV communication
architecture model cost, New authentication mechanisms needed
 Amity School of Engineering
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Research Gaps
•As per [34] , define a procedure to avoid denial of service (DoS) attack.
•As per [8] , check the identity –based security system for user privacy in real –time.
•As per [7] , design a scheme to prevent impersonation attack on VANET.
•As per [5] , design a scheme to reduce average communication delay in VANET.
•As per [16] , create a procedure to confirm scalability of optimal dropbox deployment
algorithm
•As per [15] make a detailed study report for various safety aspects of Internet of Vehicle
(IoV)
•As per [14] , Compare privacy preservation mechanisms in various location based
services.
 Amity School of Engineering
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Research Gaps
•As per [12] , test the proposed trust model for Sybil and blackhole attacks.
•As per [10] combine cloud with VANET for improving security aspects of VANET.
•As per [11], combine multiple roadside units (RSUs) in a given domain to reduce load
on the system.
•As per [3] design system for making message dissemination more secure.
•As per [1], design smart authentication mechanisms for reducing overall communication
cost in VANET.
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Research Objectives

• OBJECTIVE-1: Designing an enhanced authentication scheme to protect the

secure authentication key exposure by applying virtualization technique.
This objective aims to provide a solution for the problem of forgery or spoofing attack,
where attacker mainly tries to obtain the secret keys.

OBJECTIVE-2: Designing a secure message communication method between V2V and

V2I using secret key.
This objective aims to provide the solution for the low efficiency of signature verification
in VANET.

• OBJECTIVE-3: Designing an authentication framework for improvisation user

privacy and secure message dissemination.
This objective aims to provide a framework to demonstrate the complete functionality of
authentication with integration of user privacy and secure messaging.
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Proposed Research Plan

• OBJECTIVE-1: Designing an enhanced authentication scheme to protect the secure authentication

key exposure by applying virtualization technique.

1. Firstly, we design the key virtualization method is applied into V2I authentication for VANETs.
In this scheme, the user’s private key is divided into two portions: one is managed by a secure
device and the other is held at virtual layer and both of them are updated periodically
2. Secondly, it will construct the proposed system model and security model for system
initialization and key generation.
3. Finally, we perform the security analysis of the proposed scheme to evaluate the enhancement of
the authentication.
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Proposed Research Plan

• OBJECTIVE-2: Designing a secure message communication method between V2V and

V2I using secret key.

1. Initially, it will design the secure message encryption and decryption method for VANETs and
also the process of verification.

2. Later it constructs the system initialization and key generation for message security process.

3. It develop a message runtime verification process to checks the authenticity and integrity of the
message.

4. Finally, we perform the security analysis of the proposed scheme to evaluate the enhancement of
the authentication.
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Proposed Research Plan

• OBJECTIVE-3: Designing an authentication framework for improvisation of user privacy and

secure message dissemination.

1. First, we will design an efficient framework to solve security and privacy issues in VANETs to
provide a practical authentication solution in reality.

2. Secondly, we will construct the system initialization and authentication parameters to generate
message signing and verification process.

3. Finally, evaluation of the proposed framework for security analysis and enhancement against the
various attacks.
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References
1. N. Gupta, R. Manaswini, B. Saikrishna, F. Silva, A. Teles, "Authentication-Based Secure Data
Dissemination Protocol and Framework for 5G-Enabled VANET", Future Internet, Vol. 12, pp. 63, 2020.
2. K. N. Qureshi, S. Din, G. Jeon and F. Piccialli, "Internet of Vehicles: Key Technologies, Network Model,
Solutions and Challenges With Future Aspects," in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation
Systems, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 1777-1786, March 2021.
3. D. Manivannan, S. Moni, S. Zeadally,"Secure authentication and privacy-preserving techniques in
Vehicular Adhoc NETworks (VANETs)", Vehicular Communications, Vol. 25, 2020.
4. M. Al-Mehdhara, N, Ruan "MSOM: Efficient Mechanism for Defense against DDoS Attacks in VANET",
Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, pp. 17, ID: 8891758, 2021.
5. Y. Wang, H. Zhong, Y. Xu, and J. Cui, "ECPB: efficient conditional privacy-preserving authentication
scheme supporting batch verification for VANETs", International Journal of Network Security, vol. 18,
no. 2, pp. 374–382, 2016.
 Amity School of Engineering
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References
[6]. C. Bernardini, M.R. Asghar, B. Crispoc, "Security and privacy in vehicular communications:
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[7]. S. Horng, S. Tzeng, Y. Pan, P. Fan, X. Wang, T. Li, M. K. Khan, "SPECS+: Batch verification for
secure pseudonymous authentication in VANET", IEEE Transaction on Information Forensics and Security.
vol. 8 (11) pp. 1860-1875, 2013.

[8]. J. Sun, C. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Fang, "An identity-based security system for user privacy in
vehicular ad hoc networks", IEEE Transaction on Parallel and Distributed systems. vol. 21 (9), pp. 1227-
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[9]. K. Taimur, A. Naveed, C. Yue, S.A. Jalal, A. Muhammad, S. ul Haq, C. Haitham, "Certificate
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[10]. S. H. Islam, M. S. Obaidat, P. Vijayakumar, E. Abdulhay, F. Li, and M. K. C. Reddy, "A robust and
efficient password based conditional privacy preserving authentication and group-key agreement protocol
for VANETs", Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 84, pp. 216-227, 2018.
 Amity School of Engineering
& Technology

References
[11]. K. Lim, W. Liu, X. Wang, J. Joung, "SSKM: Scalable and Secure Key Management Scheme for
Group Signature Based Authentication and CRL in VANET", Electronics, 8(11), pp. 1330, 2019.

[12]. H. Hasrouny, A. E. Samhat, C. Bassil, and A. Laouiti, "Trust model for secure group leader-based
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[14]. P. Asuquo, H. Cruickshank, J. Morley, C.P.A. Ogah, A. Lei, W. Hathal, S. Bao, Z. Sun, "Security and
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countermeasures", IEEE Internet of Things Journal, Vol: 5, Issue: 6, 2018.

[15]. J. Contreras, S. Zeadally, and J. A. Guerrero-Ibanez, "Internet of vehicles: Architecture,

protocols, and security", IEEE Internet Things J., vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 3701-3709, Oct. 2018.

[16]. J. He, Y. Ni, L. Cai, J. Pan, C. Chen, Optimal dropbox deployment algorithm for data
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 Amity School of Engineering
& Technology

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