CH A P TE R 6

V I R O N M E N T A L
EN
C R I S I S , G LO B A L
O D S E C U R I T Y ,
FO
D S U S T A I NA B L E
AN
OPM E N T
Prepared by: Robelyn Santos
 LESSON 1

environmental crisis
 The Environmental Crisis is
distinguished by swift and
often unforeseeable
what is alterations in environmental
conditions, which, if not
Environme addressed promptly, can
prove exceedingly
ntal challenging to reverse.
One of the key drivers of

crisis??? this crisis is globalization.

While globalization has
facilitated economic growth
and interconnected
societies on a global scale,
it has also led to significant
environmental
 Types of
Environmental Crisis
Climate Change. This crisis is characterized by alterations
in global climate patterns, including rising temperatures,
changing precipitation patterns, and more frequent extreme
weather events, primarily driven by human activities such as
burning fossil fuels and deforestation.

Biodiversity Loss. This crisis refers to the rapid decline in

the variety and abundance of plant and animal species
worldwide, caused by habitat destruction, pollution, invasive
species, overexploitation, and climate change, leading to
 Types of
Environmental Crisis
Pollution. Environmental pollution involves the release of
harmful substances into the air, water, or soil, resulting from
industrial activities, transportation, agriculture, and waste
disposal. Types of pollution include air pollution (e.g., from
vehicle emissions or industrial processes), water pollution
(e.g., from sewage discharge or chemical runoff), and soil
contamination (e.g., from pesticides or heavy metals).
 Types of
Environmental Crisis
Deforestation and Land Degradation. This crisis
involves the clearing of forests for agriculture, urbanization,
and resource extraction, leading to habitat loss, soil erosion,
desertification, and loss of biodiversity. Unsustainable land
management practices exacerbate these impacts,
threatening the integrity of ecosystems and the services
they provide.
 Types of
Environmental Crisis
Ocean Degradation. The health of marine
ecosystems is compromised by various factors,
including ocean acidification, caused by the absorption
of excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere,
overfishing, destructive fishing practices, pollution
(e.g., plastic waste and oil spills), and habitat
destruction (e.g., coral reef degradation).
 Types of
Environmental Crisis
Resource Depletion. The overexploitation of natural
resources, such as fossil fuels, minerals, freshwater,
and arable land, at rates exceeding their regeneration
or replenishment capacity, leads to resource depletion,
environmental degradation, social conflicts, and
economic instability.
 Types of
Environmental Crisis
Natural Disasters. Environmental crises can also
arise from natural phenomena such as earthquakes,
hurricanes, tsunamis, floods, droughts, and wildfires,
which can cause widespread destruction, displacement
of populations, loss of lives, and disruption of
ecosystems and infrastructure.
 For example, adopting environmentally-
friendly practices in production can help
alleviate environmental degradation. By
implementing methods that minimize
resource consumption, reduce pollution, and
promote renewable energy sources,
industries can mitigate their negative
environmental footprint. This approach not
only preserves natural ecosystems and
Similarly,
biodiversity but also contributes embracing
to the long- inclusive economic
term health and resiliencepolicies can address societal inequalities. By
of the planet.
ensuring equitable access to opportunities,
resources, and wealth distribution,
governments and organizations can foster
social cohesion and enhance overall well-being.
Inclusive economic growth promotes social
mobility, reduces poverty, and empowers
marginalized communities, ultimately leading
 LESSON 2

Global food security

 As defined by the Food and

What is Agricultural Organization

(FAO), food security

food exists when all people,

at all times, have social

security? and economic access to

sufficient, safe, and
nutritious food that
meets their food
preferences and dietary
needs for an active and
 Dimensions of
Food Security
Availability of food Accessibility
This refers to the physical This refers to an adequate
existence of food. This supply of food at the national
dimension addresses the supply or international level. Factors
side of food security, affecting access include
determined by food production, income, expenditure, market
stock levels, and net trade. In availability, and food prices.
other words, it focuses on Even if food is available,
whether there is enough food people must be able to afford
available to meet the it and physically access it.
population’s needs.
 Dimensions of
Food Security
Food utilization STABILITY
This refers to the way the This refers to the stability of
body makes the most of other three dimensions over
various nutrients in the time. Meaning, there is regular
food. This involves good and consistent access to food on
care and feeding practices, a periodic basis. Even if
diverse diets, food someone’s food intake is
preparation, and fair sufficient today, they may still
distribution within be considered food insecure if
households. they face periodic challenges in
accessing food.
 Factors
affecting
global food
security
Climate Change. This Land Degradation. This is
impacts global food characterized by processes
security by disrupting such as soil erosion,
agricultural systems and desertification, deforestation,
exacerbating existing and loss of biodiversity, poses
vulnerabilities. a significant threat to global
 Factors
affecting
global food
security
Socio-economic Conflict and Political
Inequality. This Instability. This has profound
significantly undermines and immediate impacts on
global food security by food security by disrupting
limiting access to food production, distribution,
adequate nutrition. and access on a large scale.
 Factors
affecting
global food
security
Globalization. While globalization has enabled
greater access to diverse food options and
expanded markets for agricultural producers,
globalization also exposes food systems to
various risks and challenges.
Addressing global
food security
1. Increase Agricultural
Productivity
• Implement agricultural research and development
programs to develop high-yielding crop varieties,
resilient to climate change and pests.
• Provide smallholder farmers with access to
improved seeds, fertilizers, and other inputs.
• Invest in agricultural infrastructure such as
irrigation systems, storage facilities, and rural
roads to improve productivity and market access.
Addressing global
food security
2. Enhance Sustainable
Farming
• Promote Practices approaches to farming
agroecological
that minimize environmental impact, conserve
biodiversity, and enhance soil fertility.
• Provide training and extension services to farmers
on sustainable land management practices,
agroforestry, and integrated pest management.
• Encourage the adoption of climate-smart
agriculture techniques that improve resilience to
climate change while reducing greenhouse gas
emissions.
 Addressing global
food security
3. Improve Access to Markets and
Value market
• Strengthen Chains linkages for smallholder
farmers to ensure fair prices and access to
markets.
• Support the development of producer
organizations and cooperatives to enhance
bargaining power and market access for small-
scale producers.
• Invest in post-harvest infrastructure and
technologies to reduce food losses and improve
food quality along the value chain.
 Addressing global
food security
4. Address Malnutrition and Improve
• Implement Dietary Diversity agricultural interventions
nutrition-sensitive
that promote the production and consumption of diverse
and nutrient-rich foods, including fruits, vegetables, and
animal-source foods.
• Integrate nutrition education and behavior change
communication into agricultural extension programs to
improve household dietary practices and nutrition
outcomes.
• Implement targeted interventions to address specific
forms of malnutrition, such as micronutrient deficiencies
and stunting, particularly among vulnerable populations
such as children and pregnant women.
 Addressing global
food security
5. Strengthen Policy and Governance
• Develop and implement national policies and strategies
that prioritize food security, nutrition, and sustainable
agriculture.
• Strengthen institutional capacity and governance
frameworks to ensure effective coordination, monitoring,
and evaluation of food security and nutrition programs.
• Promote policy coherence across sectors such as
agriculture, health, trade, and environment to address the
underlying drivers of food insecurity and malnutrition.
 Addressing global
food security
6. Promote Inclusive and Sustainable
Agriculture
• Empower women and marginalized groups to participate
in agricultural value chains by providing access to
resources, training, and market opportunities.
• Support smallholder farmers in adopting climate-resilient
and environmentally sustainable practices to enhance
their livelihoods and food security.
 LESSON 3

Sustainable
development
 ● The concept of sustainable
development is named after the
Brundtland report, which reported
ASPECTS OF sustainable consumption in developed
countries.
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENconcept of sustainability was
● From a historical perspective, the

T formulated at the first United Nations

Conference on the Environment in
1972 and this clarified the goals of
sustainable development.
What are the three pillars of
sustainable development?

According to the Enel Group

Movement, the three pillars or
principles of environmental,
social, and economic
sustainability, also known as ESG
(Environmental, Social, and
Governance).
 SOCIAL
SUSTAINABILITY
According to Safdie, a copywriter at Greenly, the social
pillar refers to values that promote equality and respect for
individual rights.
The principles upon which this pillar is founded are as
follows:
• Combat social exclusion and discrimination.
• Promote solidarity.
• Contribute to the well-being of stakeholders.
 ECONOMIC
SUSTAINABILITY
This pillar is based on the ability to economic
development and growth. This is to ensure the protection of
the environment by reducing the risks posed by their
production in goods and services.
● Recycling of products and the renewable use of energy
are fundamental aspects of economic development.
 ENVIRONMENTAL
SUSTAINABILITY
This pillar is based on the dedication to mitigate
environmental risks and assess the effects of company
business activities on the environment.
One of the biggest challenges facing businesses that
produce goods and services with the intention of
maximizing profit is mitigating environmental concerns. The
challenges in this area are as follows:
● Saving and preserving natural energy or resources.
● Assessing their carbon footprint and reducing gas
emissions.
● Prevent water shortages and reduce overall waste for
present and future generations.
 UNITED NATION –
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
GOALS

According to the United Nations,

the agenda of UN sustainable
development goals is known as
“Transforming our world: the
2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development.”
 UNITED NATION –
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
GOALS
 TH A N K
YO U F O R
LIS T E NI N