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Op Amp

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25 views133 pages

Op Amp

Uploaded by

witob23385
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Operational Amplifiers

by,
Dr. Argha Sarkar
Associate Professor,
School of CSE, RU
An ideal op-amp exhibits the following characteristics −
•Input impedance Zi or Ri =∞Ω
•Output impedance Z0 or R0=0Ω
•Open loop voltage gain A=∞
•If (the differential) input voltage Vd=0V, then the output voltage will be Vout=0V
•Bandwidth is infinity. It means, an ideal op-amp will amplify the signals of any frequency
without any attenuation.
•Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) is infinity.
•Slew Rate (SR) is infinity. It means, the ideal op-amp will produce a change in the
output instantly in response to an input step voltage.
An ideal op-amp exhibits the following characteristics −
•Input impedance Zi or Ri =∞Ω
•Output impedance Z0 or R0=0Ω
•Open loop voltage gain A=∞
•If (the differential) input voltage Vd=0V, then the output voltage will be Vout=0V
•Bandwidth is infinity. It means, an ideal op-amp will amplify the signals of any frequency
without any attenuation.
•Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) is infinity.
•Slew Rate (SR) is infinity. It means, the ideal op-amp will produce a change in the
output instantly in response to an input step voltage.
An ideal op-amp exhibits the following characteristics −
•Input impedance Zi or Ri =∞Ω
•Output impedance Z0 or R0=0Ω
•Open loop voltage gain A=∞
•If (the differential) input voltage Vd=0V, then the output voltage will be Vout=0V
•Bandwidth is infinity. It means, an ideal op-amp will amplify the signals of any frequency
without any attenuation.
•Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) is infinity.
•Slew Rate (SR) is infinity. It means, the ideal op-amp will produce a change in the
output instantly in response to an input step voltage.
An ideal op-amp exhibits the following characteristics −
•Input impedance Zi or Ri =∞Ω
•Output impedance Z0 or R0=0Ω
•Open loop voltage gain A=∞
•If (the differential) input voltage Vd=0V, then the output voltage will be Vout=0V
•Bandwidth is infinity. It means, an ideal op-amp will amplify the signals of any frequency
without any attenuation.
•Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) is infinity.
•Slew Rate (SR) is infinity. It means, the ideal op-amp will produce a change in the
output instantly in response to an input step voltage.
An ideal op-amp exhibits the following characteristics −
•Input impedance Zi or Ri =∞Ω
•Output impedance Z0 or R0=0Ω
•Open loop voltage gain A=∞
•If (the differential) input voltage Vd=0V, then the output voltage will be Vout=0V
•Bandwidth is infinity. It means, an ideal op-amp will amplify the signals of any frequency
without any attenuation.
•Slew Rate (SR) is infinity. It means, the ideal op-amp will produce a change in the
output instantly in response to an input step voltage.
•Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) is infinity.
An ideal op-amp exhibits the following characteristics −
•Input impedance Zi or Ri =∞Ω
•Output impedance Z0 or R0=0Ω
•Open loop voltage gain A=∞
•If (the differential) input voltage Vd=0V, then the output voltage will be Vout=0V
•Bandwidth is infinity. It means, an ideal op-amp will amplify the signals of any frequency
without any attenuation.
•Slew Rate (SR) is infinity. It means, the ideal op-amp will produce a change in the
output instantly in response to an input step voltage.
•Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) is infinity.
mn
Hysteresis Curve
CMRR
CMRR
CMRR
CMRR
CMRR
CMRR
CMRR
Absolute Value Circuit

output of this circuit swings in the positive range only, whatever


the polarity of the input signal is.
When an AC input signal Vin is in the positive
cycle, D2 is off, causing the inverting input to be
isolated from Vin. With D1 'on', and with the
voltage drops across D1 and D3 being equal, and
with the voltage levels at the two inputs of the
op-amp being equal, Vo becomes equal to Vin.
This is because the resistor network between Vo
to ground and that between Vin and ground are
identical. In short, when the input voltage is
swinging positively, the output is just equal to it.

output of this circuit swings in the positive range only, whatever


the polarity of the input signal is.
When an AC input signal Vin is in the negative
cycle, D1 is off, causing the non-inverting input to
be isolated from Vin. With D2 'on', and with the
voltage drops across D2 and D3 being equal, and
with the voltage levels at the two inputs of the
op-amp being equal (both are at 0 V), the current
from the output is equal to the current into the
input. These equal currents in opposite directions
through identical paths means that Vo = -Vin.
Since Vin is negative, Vo is positive

output of this circuit swings in the positive range only, whatever


the polarity of the input signal is.
Numerical

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