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Diode

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23 views8 pages

Diode

Uploaded by

Sachin .V
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PHYSICS

DIODE :
A semi
What is a
• semiconductor??
• They are neither very good nor very bad at conducting electricity.
They have a moderate level of conductivity that can be modified and
controlled.
• The conductivity of semiconductors is highly
dependent on temperature.
Higher the Temperature , Higher the
conductivity
• It also depends on ,whether if the semiconductor is
pure (made of only one element) or impure (Consists
of n-type and p-type Semiconductors)
Diode :
•What is a Diode?
•How it works?
•How is it related to Electricity
and charges?
•How is it used in Real Life ?
DIODE :
• A diode is a crucial electronic component that controls
the direction of current flow based on the applied voltage
• And it operates through the movement of electric charges
within its semiconductor material.
• They are a type of extrinsic semiconductors, which
meanins they are intentionally doped with impurities.
• This is to allow us to control the charges and current
passing through it.
• And is formed by joining the p-n junctions together
to form a diode.
• When the p-side (Positive) is connected to the
negative terminal and the n-side(Negative)
connected to the positive terminal , current flows.
How does it work ??
It works by the Forward-bias and Reverse-bias method.
When a voltage is applied across the diode, it can either be
forward-biased : reverse-biased :
1.Connection: 1.Connection:
•The positive terminal of the battery connects •The positive terminal of the battery connects to the n-
to the p-type region. type region.
•The negative terminal connects to the n-type •The negative terminal connects to the p-type region.
region. 2.Depletion Region:
2.Depletion Region:The depletion region narrows, •The depletion region widens, blocking the flow of
allowing easier charge carrier flow. majority charge carriers.
3.Current Flow: 3.Current Flow:
•Significant current flows due to the movement •Minimal current flows due to minority carriers
of holes (from p to n) and electrons (from n to (leakage current).
p). 4.Application:Used in devices like Zener diodes and voltage
4.Voltage Requirements: regulators.
•The depletion region narrows, allowing easier 5.Voltage Impact:
charge carrier flow. •High reverse voltage can cause breakdown
•Requires a minimum voltage (forward voltage) (avalanche or Zener breakdown).
to overcome the barrier potential (~0.7V for •Used in devices like Zener diodes and voltage
silicon, ~0.3V for germanium). regulators.
5.Application:
•Used in devices like LEDs and rectifiers.
How are diodes related to Electricity ??
1.Current Directionality: Diodes allow current to flow in one
direction (forward bias) and block it in the opposite direction
(reverse bias).

2.Charge Carriers: Current in diodes is carried by electrons


(negative charge) and holes (positive charge) in semiconductor
materials.

3.Voltage Drop: Forward-biased diodes have a characteristic


voltage drop (about 0.7V for silicon), which is the energy needed
for charge carriers to move across the junction.

4.Reverse Bias: In reverse bias, diodes block current flow, allowing


only a small leakage current.
1.Rectification
Uses of diodes in Real
Converts AC to DC in power supplies.life :
2.Voltage Regulation
Zener diodes maintain constant voltage in circuits.
3.Signal Demodulation
Extracts audio signals from radio frequencies.
4.Overvoltage Protection
Protects circuits from voltage spikes (e.g., TVS diodes).
5.Light Emission
LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) are used in displays and lighting.
6.Switching Applications
Used in digital circuits for fast switching.
7.Clamping Circuits
Prevents voltage from exceeding a certain level.
8.Temperature Sensing
Diodes can be used to measure temperature based on voltage drop.
9.Tuning Circuits
Varactor diodes are used in radio frequency tuning.
10.Current Control
Used in circuits to control current flow.

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