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Respiration 2

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10 views20 pages

Respiration 2

Uploaded by

srukkyabegam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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RESPIRATION

Respiration is a process in which


glucose is broken down with the
help of oxygen and energy is
released along with the production
of carbon dioxide and water.

i) Aerobic respiration


ii) Anaerobic respiration.
ATP.

ATP is made from ADP and inorganic phosphate with the help of energy
released during respiration.
ATP is broken down into a fixed amount of energy and then drive the
endothermic reactions in the cell.
Respiration in plants
 Respire by taking in O2 and giving out CO2.

 No special means of transport.

 Gases move by the process of diffusion.

 All parts of plant respire individually.

 Root takes O2 present in soil.

 Exchange of gases in leaves occur through


Plants respire throughout the day.
Daytime CO2 produced by plants is
used by them in photosynthesis.
At night, when no photosynthesis
occur, no O2 released.
Day time - Net diffusion of CO2 into the
leaves and O2 out of the leaves
Night time - Net diffusion of O2 into the
leaves and CO2 out of the leaves
 Stem of herbaceous plants have stomata.

 Hard woody stems do not have stomata.

 Such plants, the bark of stem has tiny

pores called lenticels.

 The O2 diffuses through lenticels and reaches

inner cells for respiration.

 Co2 diffuses out into the air through these

lenticels.
Respiration in animals
 Unicellular – Diffusion through the body

surface. no specialized organs.

 Multicellular – simple diffusion does not satisfy

the body’s demand for oxygen.

4 types of respiratory organs found in animals


◦ Body surface or Skin

◦ Air tubes or Trachea

◦ Gills

◦ Lungs
Common features:

Large surface area to get enough

O2.

Thin walls for easy diffusion.

Rich blood supply for transporting

respiratory gases.
 Earthworms respire through their skin.

 In insects, gaseous exchange occurs through a

tracheal system. (system of tubes)

 Aquatic organisms – Gills (prawns,fish,etc..)

 Terrestrial organisms – Lungs

 Aquatic organisms use O2 dissolved in water.

 Breathing rate in aquatic animals is much faster

than land animals because amount of O2 dissolved

in water is much lesser than that present in air.


Respiration in Humans
Involves 2 steps – Breathing &
Respiration
Breathing Respiration

Physical process of intake of O2 Biochemical process in which


and giving out of Co2 glucose is oxidized to Co2 and
H2O, along with the exchange
of gases

Exchange of gases takes place Exchange of gases may takes


by mechanical process only place by mechanical process or
by the simple process of
diffusion

No energy is released Energy is released in the form


of ATP
Enzymes are not involved Enzymes are involved in this
process
Respiration in human beings

Nostrils
Nasal cavity
Pharynx - epiglottis
Trachea
Lungs -
bronchi ,
bronchioles,
alveoli.
Nostrils and Nasal cavity
 Nasal passages are paired tube like structures –

nostrils separated by cartilaginous septum.

 Inner surface lined by ciliated epithelium and

mucus secreting cells.

 Cilia and mucus check the entry of microbes and

dust particles.

 They provide additional humidity for inhaled air.


Pharynx
 Situated at back of mouth
 Pharynx - The nasal chambers open up into a
wide hollow space.
 It is a common path for both air and food.

Larynx
 Two cartilaginous chords lay the framework for
the larynx.
 situated at the point of joining the pharynx and
trachea.
It is the portion which rises and falls during

swallowing of food particles. It generates

sound as air passes through the hollow in the

middle.

Cartilaginous flap called epiglottis guards the

entrance to trachea.

When we swallow food or drink water, the

epiglottis covers the trachea to prevent food


Trachea

Wind pipe extends into thoracic

cavity.

Lies on the ventral side of

esophagus.

C – shaped cartilaginous rings.


Bronchi & Bronchioles
 The trachea splits into two primary bronchi, which

enter each lung individually.

 Right bronchus – three bronchi (3 lobe)

 Left bronchus – two bronchi (2 lobe)

 With in the lung, the bronchus is divided into

bronchioles (0.5 mm in diameter)

 Bronchioles terminates alveolus.

 Alveoli – actual site of respiratory exchange .


Lungs
Pair of elastic, hollow, membranous bag
like structures situated in thoracic cavity.
Rib cage protect the lungs and heart.
Diaphragm – sheet of muscles which
forms the floor of thoracic cavity and
separates it from abdominal cavity.
3lobes in RL 2 lobe in LL
Lungs are covered by pleural membrane.
Respiratory Tract
 External nostrils – For the intake of air.
 Nasal chamber – which is lined with hair and mucus to filter the
air and remove dust and dirt.
 Pharynx – It is a passage behind the nasal chamber and serves
as the common passageway for both air and food.
 Larynx – Also known as the sound box as it helps in the
generation of sound and thus helps us in communicating.
 Epiglottis – It is a flap-like structure that covers the glottis and
prevents the entry of food into the windpipe.
 Trachea – It is a long tube passing through the mid-thoracic
cavity.
 Bronchi – The trachea divides into left and right bronchi.
 Bronchioles – Each bronchus is further divided into finer
channels known as bronchioles.
 Alveoli – The bronchioles end up into the balloon-like structures
known as the alveoli.
 Lungs – We have a pair of lungs, which are sac-like structures
O U
K Y
AN
TH

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